Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28034637›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance imaging2017

Image-based gradient non-linearity characterization to determine higher-order spherical harmonic coefficients for improved spatial position accuracy in magnetic resonance imaging.

Paul T Weavers, Shengzhen Tao, Joshua D Trzasko, Yunhong Shu, Erik J Tryggestad, Jeffrey L Gunter, Kiaran P McGee, Daniel V Litwiller, Ken-Pin Hwang, Matt A Bernstein

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance imaging, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. [Spherical measurement-based analysis of gradient nonlinearity in magnetic resonance imaging].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025
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  12. Role and future of MRI in radiation oncology.The British journal of radiology · 2019
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Paul T WeaversRadiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
Shengzhen TaoRadiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
Joshua D TrzaskoRadiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
Yunhong ShuRadiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
Erik J TryggestadRadiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
Jeffrey L GunterRadiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
Kiaran P McGeeRadiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
Daniel V LitwillerGE Heathcare, 3200 N Grandview Blvd, Waukesha, WI 53188, United States.
Ken-Pin HwangMD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcomb Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
Matt A BernsteinRadiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: mbernstein@mayo.edu.

Funding

High Performance, Highly Deployable Head-Only MRI ScannerR01EB010065 · NIBIB · GENERAL ELECTRIC GLOBAL RESEARCH CTR · PI BERNSTEIN, MATTHEW A., FOO, THOMAS K · 2010 to 2015
$5.5M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB010065
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeSpatial position accuracy in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important concern for a variety of applications, including radiation therapy planning, surgical planning, and longitudinal studies of morphologic changes to study neurodegenerative diseases. Spatial accuracy is strongly influenced by gradient linearity. This work presents a method for characterizing the gradient non-linearity fields on a per-system basis, and using this information to provide improved and higher-order (9th vs. 5th) spherical harmonic coefficients for better spatial accuracy in MRI.

methodsA large fiducial phantom containing 5229 water-filled spheres in a grid pattern is scanned with the MR system, and the positions all the fiducials are measured and compared to the corresponding ground truth fiducial positions as reported from a computed tomography (CT) scan of the object. Systematic errors from off-resonance (i.e., B0) effects are minimized with the use of increased receiver bandwidth (±125kHz) and two acquisitions with reversed readout gradient polarity. The spherical harmonic coefficients are estimated using an iterative process, and can be subsequently used to correct for gradient non-linearity. Test-retest stability was assessed with five repeated measurements on a single scanner, and cross-scanner variation on four different, identically-configured 3T wide-bore systems.

resultsA decrease in the root-mean-square error (RMSE) over a 50cm diameter spherical volume from 1.80mm to 0.77mm is reported here in the case of replacing the vendor's standard 5th order spherical harmonic coefficients with custom fitted 9th order coefficients, and from 1.5mm to 1mm by extending custom fitted 5th order correction to the 9th order. Minimum RMSE varied between scanners, but was stable with repeated measurements in the same scanner.

conclusionsThe results suggest that the proposed methods may be used on a per-system basis to more accurately calibrate MR gradient non-linearity coefficients when compared to vendor standard corrections.

Indexed as

Phantoms, ImagingHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingReproducibility of ResultsCalibrationGradient non-linearityMRITreatment planning

Identifiers

PMID28034637
PMCPMC5360473

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.