Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28034306›Full record

ArticleMicrobiome2016

Influence of maternal breast milk ingestion on acquisition of the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants.

Katherine E Gregory, Buck S Samuel, Pearl Houghteling, Guru Shan, Frederick M Ausubel, Ruslan I Sadreyev, W Allan Walker

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Microbiome, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06893939 (Limited Versus Extended Trophic Feeding), which is not on this map. Cited by 136 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
136citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
14.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06893939 phase2 / phase3recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Limited Versus Extended Trophic Feeding (LET-FEED) Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of WashingtonRan2025 to 2031Enrolled350ConditionsSepsis, Length of Stay, Mortality, Neurodevelopmental DelayArmsLimited Trophic Feeds (1 day of trophic feeds), Extended Trophic Feeds (3 days of trophics)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

136 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 223 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Systematic Review of the Effect of Enteral Feeding on Gut Microbiota in Preterm Infants.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2018
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76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Katherine E GregoryDepartment of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. kgregory1@partners.org.
Buck S SamuelAlkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Pearl HoughtelingDepartment of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Guru ShanCooper Medical School, Camden, NJ, USA.
Frederick M AusubelDepartment of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ruslan I SadreyevDepartment of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
W Allan WalkerDepartment of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Harvard University · USBaylor College of Medicine · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USCooper Medical School of Rowan University · USYale University · US

Funding

ROLE OF DIETARY CONSTITUENTS ON GENE EXPRESSION IN INTESTINAL EPITHELIUMP30DK040561 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CHRISTOPHER P DUGGAN · 1994 to 2026
$31.6M
Xenograft and Isograft CoreP01DK033506 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI REINECKER, HANS-CHRISTIAN · 1986 to 2015
$24.2M
Maturation of intestinal innate immunity and NECR01HD059126 · NICHD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WALKER, W ALLAN · 2009 to 2013
$2.2M
EFFECT OF COLOSTRUM ON GUT MATURATION AND HOST DEFENSER01HD012437 · NICHD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WALKER, W ALLAN · 1989 to 2013
$2.0M
Biochemical Predictors of Necrotizing EnterocolitisK23NR011320 · NINR · BOSTON COLLEGE · PI GREGORY, KATHERINE ELIZABETH · 2009 to 2011
$387k
Molecular Basis of Microbial Influence on Host Energy BalanceF32DK083885 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI SAMUEL, BUCK SPARROW · 2009 to 2011
$151k
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD012437NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD059126NIDDK NIH HHS F32 DK083885NIDDK NIH HHS P01 DK033506NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK040561NINR NIH HHS K23 NR011320
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe initial acquisition and early development of the intestinal microbiome during infancy are important to human health across the lifespan. Mode of birth, antibiotic administration, environment of care, and nutrition have all been shown to play a role in the assembly of the intestinal microbiome during early life. For preterm infants, who are disproportionately at risk of inflammatory intestinal disease (i.e., necrotizing enterocolitis), a unique set of clinical factors influence the establishment of the microbiome. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of nutritional exposures on the intestinal microbiome in a cohort of preterm infants early in life.

resultsPrincipal component analysis of 199 samples from 30 preterm infants (<32 weeks) over the first 60 days following birth showed that the intestinal microbiome was influenced by postnatal time (p < 0.001, R

conclusionsThe preterm infant intestinal microbiome is influenced by postnatal time, birth weight, gestational age, and nutrition. Feeding with breast milk appears to mask the influence of birth weight, suggesting a protective effect against gut immaturity in the preterm infant. These findings suggest not only a microbial mechanism underpinning the body of evidence showing that breast milk promotes intestinal health in the preterm infant but also a dynamic interplay of host and dietary factors that facilitate the colonization of and enrichment for specific microbes during establishment of the preterm infant microbiota.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingInfant FormulaInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaInfant, PrematureMilk, HumanBacteriaBase SequenceBirth WeightDNA, BacterialGastrointestinal MicrobiomeGestational AgeHumansInfant, NewbornIntestinesNutritional StatusRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDNA, BacterialRNA, Ribosomal, 16SBreast milkIntestinal colonizationMicrobiomeNewborn intensive careNutritionPreterm infant

Identifiers

PMID28034306
PMCPMC5200970
OpenAlexW2563956677

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.