ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2016
Anti-colony-stimulating factor therapies for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacodynamic biomarkers and differential effects of TNF- and GM-CSF-targeting biologics in rheumatoid arthritis.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2019Trial
- Lymphoid Stress Surveillance Response Contributes to Vitiligo Pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Cytokine multimerization: when more is more and sometimes less.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Innate lymphoid cells in rheumatoid arthritis as mediators of pathology and resolution.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Proinflammatory monocyte-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor fuels airway inflammation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- CSF1 regulates inflammation and apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- An ontogeny-cytokine code determines macrophage response polarity and tumor outcomes.Communications biology · 2026Article
- From IL-23/IL-17 to GM-CSF: how is the immuno-inflammatory continuum reshaped in spondyloarthritis?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Deep insight into cytokine storm: from pathogenesis to treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Review
- Reversing inflammatory diseases via trained immunity: mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A strategy to design protein-based antagonists against type I cytokine receptors.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- CSF1R inhibition depletes brain macrophages and reduces brain virus burden in SIV-infected macaques.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Serum GM-CSF level is a predictor of treatment response to tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a prospective observational cohort study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Observational
- The role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immune evasion.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Evidence supported by Mendelian randomization: impact on inflammatory factors in knee osteoarthritis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Anti-inflammatory role of fenofibrate in treating diseases.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2023Review
- Inflammaging and Osteoarthritis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
- CSF-1 and Notch signaling cooperate in macrophage instruction and tissue repair during peripheral limb ischemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF; also known as CSF1), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) can each play a part in the host response to injury and infection, and there is burgeoning interest in targeting these CSFs in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, as well as in cancer. For success in clinical medicine, therapeutic targeting will need to be delineated from current strategies. The individual CSFs have unique biological roles, suggesting that they could be used to target specific conditions. This Review compares the CSFs, with a focus on how they could be targeted, discusses the relevant clinical trial data and summarizes the potential clinical applications of targeting each CSF. Importantly, we discuss the novelty of CSF biology and attempt to clarify some of the surrounding misconceptions and issues that can affect therapeutic decisions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.