ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2017
Life course models: improving interpretation by consideration of total effects.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Life course adversity and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: causal mediation analysis of psychological distress in the population-based Tromsø Study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Association of childhood and adult socioeconomic status with adult social connection: a mediation analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- The changing role of family income in mental health from childhood to adolescence: findings from a UK longitudinal study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Article
- Life course socioeconomic status, chronic pain, and the mediating role of allostatic load: findings from the midlife in the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Child mental health and income gradient from early childhood to adolescence: Evidence from the UK.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Evaluating the association between socioeconomic position and cardiometabolic risk markers in young adulthood by different life course models.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The impact of financial hardship in childhood on depression and anxiety in adult life: Testing the accumulation, critical period and social mobility hypotheses.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- The impact of childhood socioeconomic status on depression and anxiety in adult life: Testing the accumulation, critical period and social mobility hypotheses.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Early life disadvantage and adult adiposity: tests of sensitive periods during childhood and behavioural mediation in adulthood.International journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Interpreting mutual adjustment for multiple indicators of socioeconomic position without committing mutual adjustment fallacies.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Timing of poverty in childhood and adolescent health: Evidence from the US and UK.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Article
- A Causal Approach to Functional Mediation Analysis with Application to a Smoking Cessation Intervention.Multivariate behavioral researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Life course epidemiology has used models of accumulation and critical or sensitive periods to examine the importance of exposure timing in disease aetiology. These models are usually used to describe the direct effects of exposures over the life course. In comparison with consideration of direct effects only, we show how consideration of total effects improves interpretation of these models, giving clearer notions of when it will be most effective to intervene. We show how life course variation in the total effects depends on the magnitude of the direct effects and the stability of the exposure. We discuss interpretation in terms of total, direct and indirect effects and highlight the causal assumptions required for conclusions as to the most effective timing of interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.