ArticleVision research2017
Variations in normal color vision. VI. Factors underlying individual differences in hue scaling and their implications for models of color appearance.
Article in Vision research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optical and neural contributions to contrast sensitivity: A factor analysis of individual differences with and without adaptive optics.Journal of vision · 2026Article
- Asymmetries in hue percepts and early cortical color coding: Evidence from chromatic visual evoked potentials.Journal of vision · 2026Article
- Individual differences reveal distinct age-related reorganizations in spatial channels for luminance and texture processing.npj aging · 2026Article
- Significant Age-Related Visual Declines but Preserved Binocular Summation of Contrast Sensitivity and Visual Acuity Across Adulthood.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Asymmetries in hue measured behaviorally and with visual evoked potentials.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Individual variability in steady-state VEP responses for hues sweeping around cardinal color axes: Clues to cortical color coding?Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Categorical consistency of parity and magnitude facilitates implicit learning of color-number associations.PloS one · 2025Article
- Tuning of cortical color mechanisms revealed using steady-state visually evoked potentials.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Quantitative Performance Evaluation of Commonly Used Colormaps for Image Display in Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Analysis based on Perceptual Metrics.Molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy · 2024Article
- Unique yellow shifts for small and brief stimuli in the central retina.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- Cone-Opponent Ganglion Cells in the Primate Fovea Tuned to Noncardinal Color Directions.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Fundamentally different representations of color and motion revealed by individual differences in perceptual scaling.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Article
- How do visual skills relate to action video game performance?Journal of vision · 2021Article
- Color perception and compensation in color deficiencies assessed with hue scaling.Vision research · 2021Article
- Individual differences in the perception of visual illusions are stable across eyes, time, and measurement methods.Journal of vision · 2021Article
- Ensemble coding of color and luminance contrast.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2021Article
- Testing the Cross-Cultural Generality of Hering's Theory of Color Appearance.Cognitive science · 2020Article
- When illusions merge.Journal of vision · 2020Article
- Individual differences in the Müller-Lyer and Ponzo illusions are stable across different contexts.Journal of vision · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Observers with normal color vision vary widely in their judgments of color appearance, such as the specific spectral stimuli they perceive as pure or unique hues. We examined the basis of these individual differences by using factor analysis to examine the variations in hue-scaling functions from both new and previously published data. Observers reported the perceived proportion of red, green, blue or yellow in chromatic stimuli sampling angles at fixed intervals within the LM and S cone-opponent plane. These proportions were converted to hue angles in a perceptual-opponent space defined by red vs. green and blue vs. yellow axes. Factors were then extracted from the correlation matrix using PCA and Varimax rotation. These analyses revealed that inter-observer differences depend on seven or more narrowly-tuned factors. Moreover, although the task required observers to decompose the stimuli into four primary colors, there was no evidence for factors corresponding to these four primaries, or for opponent relationships between primaries. Perceptions of "redness" in orange, red, and purple, for instance, involved separate factors rather than one shared process for red. This pattern was compared to factor analyses of Monte Carlo simulations of the individual differences in scaling predicted by variations in standard opponent mechanisms, such as their spectral tuning or relative sensitivity. The observed factor pattern is inconsistent with these models and thus with conventional accounts of color appearance based on the Hering primaries. Instead, our analysis points to a perceptual representation of color in terms of multiple mechanisms or decision rules that each influence the perception of only a relatively narrow range of hues, potentially consistent with a population code for color suggested by cortical physiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.