ArticleScience immunology2016
The intersection of radiotherapy and immunotherapy: mechanisms and clinical implications.
Article in Science immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03955978 (A Phase I Study of PD-1 Inhibition With TSR-042 in Addition to Standard of Care Definitive Radiation for Inoperable Endometrial Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 143 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I Study of PD-1 Inhibition With TSR-042 in Addition to Standard of Care Definitive Radiation for Inoperable Endometrial Cancer
Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 233 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heating the Cold: Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of sequential chemoradiotherapy combined with toripalimab in de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A phase II trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Trial
- Phase II, single-arm trial of preoperative short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy and camrelizumab in locally advanced rectal cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Trial
- JAVELIN Head and Neck 100: a Phase III trial of avelumab and chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer.Future oncology (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Effects of definitive and salvage radiotherapy on the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in prostate cancer patients.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2017Trial
- Tumor-Regional Immune Microenvironment: A Critical Factor in the Design of Radiotherapy-Immunotherapy Combination Trials.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Low-dose radiotherapy as an immunomodulator in cancer: dose-specific mechanisms and hybrid high-dose/low-dose strategies.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment: mechanisms of clinical synergy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy and cytokines: A systems view of immunotherapy and toxicity (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Systemic pre-conditioning favors effector over exhausted CD8 T-cell subsets following Sup2-IL33 armored CAR T-cell therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Ionizing Radiation Enhances Prognostically Significant Cellular Immunity Programs in the Brain Metastasis Microenvironment.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Recent advances in human papillomavirus vaccines and therapeutic strategies: Combating cervical and non-cervical cancers.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Integrated management of immunotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review of current landscape and future directions.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- A Scoping Review of the Challenges and Future Perspectives in the Use of Alpha-Emitters for Metastatic Ovarian Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Randomized Parallel-Group Phase II Study (NEOTERIC) of Atezolizumab With or Without Tiragolumab After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Article
- Beyond priming: a sequential, feedback-guided adjuvant framework for therapeutic cancer peptide vaccines in immunologically cold tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Defining the abscopal effect in non-small cell lung cancer in the era of immunotherapy and lung ablation treatment: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- cGAS/STING-mediated γδ T cell recruitment drives radioresistance: implications for improving radioimmunotherapy outcomes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Recent advances in engineering nano/microrobots for tumor treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Review
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
By inducing DNA damage, radiotherapy both reduces tumor burden and enhances anti-tumor immunity. Here, we will review the mechanisms by which radiation induces anti-tumor immune responses that can be augmented using immunotherapies to facilitate tumor regression. Radiotherapy increases inflammation in tumors by activating the NF-κB and the Type I interferon response pathways to induce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This inflammation coupled with antigen release from irradiated cells facilitates dendritic cell maturation and cross-presentation of tumor antigens to prime tumor-specific T cell responses. Radiation also sensitizes tumors to these T cell responses by enhancing T cell infiltration into tumors and the recognition of both malignant cancer cells and non-malignant stroma that present cognate antigen. Yet, these anti-tumor immune responses may be blunted by several mechanisms including regulatory T cells and checkpoint molecules that promote T cell tolerance and exhaustion. Consequently, the combination of immunotherapy using vaccines and/or checkpoint inhibitors with radiation is demonstrating early clinical potential. Overall, this review will provide a global view for how radiation and the immune system converge to target cancers and the early attempts to exploit this synergy in clinical practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.