Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2017
Toward precision smoking cessation treatment II: Proximal effects of smoking cessation intervention components on putative mechanisms of action.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01814072 (Opt-IN), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Opt-IN: Optimization of Remotely Delivered Intensive Lifestyle Treatment for Obesity
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Strategies to improve smoking cessation rates in primary care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Telephone counselling for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Mobile Health Technology for Personalized Tobacco Cessation Support in Laos (Project Support Laos): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Trial
- The effect of varenicline on mood and cognition in smokers with HIV.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Mobile Health Technology for Personalized Tobacco Cessation Support Among Cancer Survivors and Caregivers in Laos (Project SurvLaos): Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Ending Tobacco Use Through Interactive Tailored Messaging for Cambodian People With HIV (Project EndIT): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- The use of biomarkers to guide precision treatment for tobacco use.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Antecedents of Self-Efficacy to Achieve Smoking-Behavior-Change Goals among Low-Income Parents Enrolled in an Evidence-Based Tobacco Intervention.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Understanding contexts of smoking and vaping among dual users: analysis of ecological momentary assessment data.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Observational
- Indicators of cigarette smoking dependence and relapse in former smokers who vape compared with those who do not: findings from the 2016 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
- The 2016 Ferno Award Address: Three Things.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding how smoking cessation treatments exert their effects can inform treatment development and use. Factorial designs allow researchers to examine whether multiple intervention components affect hypothesized change mechanisms, and whether the affected mechanisms are related to cessation.
methodsThis is a secondary data analysis of smokers recruited during primary care visits (N=637, 55% women, 87% white) who were motivated to quit. Participants in this fractional factorial experiment were randomized to one level of each of six intervention factors: Prequit Nicotine Patch vs None, Prequit Nicotine Gum vs None, Preparation Counseling vs None, Intensive In-Person Counseling vs Minimal, Intensive Phone Counseling vs Minimal, and 16 vs 8 Weeks of Combination Nicotine Replacement (nicotine patch+nicotine gum). Data on putative mechanisms (e.g., medication use, withdrawal, self-efficacy) and smoking status were gathered using daily assessments and during follow-up assessment calls.
resultsSome intervention components influenced hypothesized mechanisms. Prequit Gum and Patch each reduced prequit smoking and enhanced prequit coping and self-efficacy. In-Person Counseling increased prequit motivation to quit, postquit self-efficacy, and postquit perceived intratreatment support. Withdrawal reduction and reduced prequit smoking produced the strongest effects on cessation. The significant effect of combining Prequit Gum and In-Person Counseling on 26-week abstinence was mediated by increased prequit self-efficacy.
conclusionsThis factorial experiment identified which putative treatment mechanisms were influenced by discrete intervention components and which mechanisms influenced cessation. Such information supports the combined use of prequit nicotine gum and intensive in-person counseling as cessation interventions that operate via increased prequit self-efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.