Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28012312›Full record

ArticleHealth & place2017

Racial and ethnic residential segregation and access to health care in rural areas.

Julia T Caldwell, Chandra L Ford, Steven P Wallace, May C Wang, Lois M Takahashi

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health & place, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
15.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Healthcare Access in the Aftermath: A Longitudinal Analysis of Disaster Impact on US Communities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  5. Residential Segregation and Colorectal Cancer Screening in the United States, 2010 to 2018.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Race Disparities in Hypertension Prevalence Among Older Men.International journal of aging & human development · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Racialized Housing Discrimination and Population Health: a Scoping Review and Research Agenda.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Julia T CaldwellDepartment of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Section of Hospital Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address: juliatcaldwell@uchicago.edu.
Chandra L FordDepartment of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Steven P WallaceDepartment of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
May C WangDepartment of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Lois M TakahashiUCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
UCLA Health · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

Virology CoreP30AI028697 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ANTON, PETER A · 1991 to 2018
$39.9M
The Center for Health Improvement of Minority ElderlyP30AG021684 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI CATHERINE A SARKISIAN · 2002 to 2026
$19.7M
Statistics and Methods CoreR24HD041022 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI COSTA, DORA L · 2001 to 2016
$10.1M
Scientific and Technical CoreP2CHD041022 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HIRAM BELTRAN-SANCHEZ · 2016 to 2026
$6.9M
NRSA INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING GRANTT32HS000078 · AHRQ · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI HOLL, JANE LOUISE · 1998 to 2018
$5.6M
Minority Populations Prevention Researcher TrainingR25HD045810 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI NEILANDS, TORSTEN BRIAN · 2003 to 2018
$4.3M
HIV Testing, Linkage and Retention in Care: Contextual Factors and DisparitiesR01NR014789 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI FORD, CHANDRA L · 2014 to 2017
$1.5M
Smokefree Air for Everyong (S.A.F.E.): Reducing Tobacco Related Health Disparities for Vulnerable Populations of Los Angeles through Smoke Free HousingU58DP005812 · DP · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI WALLACE, STEVEN PAUL · 2014 to 2014
$1.0M
Examining the Geographies of Immigrant Sex Work: An Exploratory Study of HIV RiskR21HD074446 · NICHD · HUNTER COLLEGE · PI CHIN, JOHN J., TAKAHASHI, LOIS · 2013 to 2014
$420k
Rural - Urban Healthcare Inequities: Racial/Ethnic Differences in Access to CareR36HS022811 · AHRQ · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI CALDWELL, JULIA THORNTON · 2013 to 2013
$40k
AHRQ HHS R36 HS022811AHRQ HHS T32 HS000078NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP005812NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI028697NIA NIH HHS P30 AG021684NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD041022NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD074446NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD041022NICHD NIH HHS R25 HD045810NIMHD NIH HHS L60 MD001896NINR NIH HHS R01 NR014789
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between racial/ethnic residential segregation and access to health care in rural areas. Data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were merged with the American Community Survey and the Area Health Resources Files. Segregation was operationalized using the isolation index separately for African Americans and Hispanics. Multi-level logistic regression with random intercepts estimated four outcomes. In rural areas, segregation contributed to worse access to a usual source of health care but higher reports of health care needs being met among African Americans (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.42, CI: 0.96-2.10) and Hispanics (AOR: 1.25, CI: 1.05-1.49). By broadening the spatial scale of segregation beyond urban areas, findings showed the complex interaction between social and spatial factors in rural areas.

Indexed as

EthnicitySocial SegregationAdultBlack or African AmericanFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleResidence CharacteristicsRural Health ServicesSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesUrban PopulationAccess to health careRace/ethnicityResidential segregationRuralUrban

Identifiers

PMID28012312
PMCPMC5285374
OpenAlexW2566857839

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.