Observational studyNeurology2017
Refractory status epilepticus in children with and without prior epilepsy or status epilepticus.
Open access · bronzeAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph
Observational study in Neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time to treatment in pediatric patients with repeated episodes of status epilepticus.BMC neurology · 2025Observational
- Treating seizures faster: The Quality Improvement in Time to Treat Status Epilepticus (QuITT-SE) multicenter randomized stepped wedge clinical trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Early Clinical Variables Associated With Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children.Neurology · 2023Observational
- Treatment of pediatric convulsive status epilepticus.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Benzodiazepine administration patterns before escalation to second-line medications in pediatric refractory convulsive status epilepticus.Epilepsia · 2021Observational
- Factors associated with long-term outcomes in pediatric refractory status epilepticus.Epilepsia · 2021Article
- Association of guideline publication and delays to treatment in pediatric status epilepticus.Neurology · 2020Article
- Etiology of Non-Traumatic Seizures in Children Admitted to PICU: An Eight-Year Retrospective Study.International journal of general medicine · 2020Article
- Clinico-Etiological Profile of Pediatric Refractory Status Epilepticus at a Public Hospital in India.Journal of epilepsy research · 2019Article
- Pathophysiology of convulsive status epilepticus.Seizure · 2019Review
- Using EHRs to advance epilepsy care.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2019Article
- Factors associated with treatment delays in pediatric refractory convulsive status epilepticus.Neurology · 2018Observational
- Assessment of a renal angina index for prediction of severe acute kidney injury in critically ill children: a multicentre, multinational, prospective observational study.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Iván Sánchez FernándezFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Michele C JacksonFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Nicholas S AbendFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Ravindra AryaFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
James N BrentonFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Jessica L CarpenterFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Kevin E ChapmanFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
William D GaillardFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Marina Gaínza-LeinFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Tracy A GlauserFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Joshua L GoldsteinFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Howard P GoodkinFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Ashley HelsethFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Kush KapurFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Tiffani L McDonoughFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Mohamad A MikatiFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Katrina PearisoFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
James RivielloFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Robert C TaskerFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Alexis A TopjianFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Mark S WainwrightFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Angus WilfongFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Korwyn WilliamsFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Tobias LoddenkemperFrom the Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology (I.S.F., M.C.J., M.G.L., K.K., T.L.), and Division of Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Child Neurology (I.S.F.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (N.S.A., A.A.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (R.A., T.A.G., K.P.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology and Pediatrics (J.N.B., H.P.G.), The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Department of Epilepsy, Neurophysiology, and Critical Care Neurology (J.L.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.E.C.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Universidad Austral de Chile (M.G.L.), Valdivia, Chile; Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program (J.L.G., M.S.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H., M.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Child Neurology (T.L.M., J.R.), Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (A.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Barrows Neurological Institute (K.W.), Phoenix Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.W.), University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson; and Department of Neurology (K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. tobias.loddenkemper@childrens.harvard.edu.
pediatric Status Epilepticus Research Group (pSERG)
Center for Pain and the Brain · US
Funding
Impact of Initial Therapy and Response on Long Term Outcome in Children with CAEU01NS045911 · NINDS · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI GLAUSER, TRACY A · 2003 to 2013
$31.1MSupporting Treatment Adherence Regimens in Pediatric Epilepsy: The STAR TrialR01HD073115 · NICHD · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI MODI, AVANI C · 2013 to 2017
$2.7MImaging the effect of centrotemporal spikes and seizures on language in childrenR01NS065840 · NINDS · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI VANNEST, JENNIFER J. · 2011 to 2015
$2.5MCincinnati Neuroscience Clinical Trials Research Center (CinciNEXT)U10NS077311 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI GLAUSER, TRACY A, WOO, DANIEL · 2011 to 2017
$2.1MPrompt Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Seizures After Cardiac ArrestK23NS075363 · NINDS · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI TOPJIAN, ALEXIS A. · 2012 to 2016
$874kNICHD NIH HHS R01 HD073115NINDS NIH HHS K23 NS075363NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS065840NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS045911NINDS NIH HHS U10 NS077311
Abstract
objectiveTo compare refractory convulsive status epilepticus (rSE) management and outcome in children with and without a prior diagnosis of epilepsy and with and without a history of status epilepticus (SE).
methodsThis was a prospective observational descriptive study performed from June 2011 to May 2016 on pediatric patients (1 month-21 years of age) with rSE.
resultsWe enrolled 189 participants (53% male) with a median (25th-75th percentile) age of 4.2 (1.3-9.6) years. Eighty-nine (47%) patients had a prior diagnosis of epilepsy. Thirty-four (18%) patients had a history of SE. The time to the first benzodiazepine was similar in participants with and without a diagnosis of epilepsy (15 [5-60] vs 16.5 [5-42.75] minutes, p = 0.858). Patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy received their first non-benzodiazepine (BZD) antiepileptic drug (AED) later (93 [46-190] vs 50.5 [28-116] minutes, p = 0.002) and were less likely to receive at least one continuous infusion (35/89 [39.3%] vs 57/100 [57%], p = 0.03). Compared to patients with no history of SE, patients with a history of SE received their first BZD earlier (8 [3.5-22.3] vs 20 [5-60] minutes, p = 0.0073), although they had a similar time to first non-BZD AED (76.5 [45.3-124] vs 65 [32.5-156] minutes, p = 0.749). Differences were mostly driven by the patients with an out-of-hospital rSE onset.
conclusionsOur study establishes that children with rSE do not receive more timely treatment if they have a prior diagnosis of epilepsy; however, a history of SE is associated with more timely administration of abortive medication.
Indexed as
AdolescentAnticonvulsantsChildChild, PreschoolDrug Resistant EpilepsyFemaleHospitalizationHumansInfantMaleProspective StudiesStatus EpilepticusTime-to-TreatmentTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesYoung AdultAnticonvulsants
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