Observational studyJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2017
The Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Incident Frailty in Older Women: The Role of Cardiometabolic Diseases.
Observational study in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and risk of frailty and pre-frailty in elderly adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies with GRADE assessment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin D as a Biomarker of Ill Health among the Over-50s: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of frailty syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2018Pooled it
- The effects of vitamin D supplementation on frailty in older adults at risk for falls.BMC geriatrics · 2022Trial
- Molecular predictors of incident frailty: a systematic review and critical appraisal of longitudinal evidence.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Vitamin D: Synthesis, deficiency, polymorphisms and resistance to its action in Latin American countriesBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2024Article
- A Mendelian randomization study to examine the causal associations of circulating micronutrient levels with frailty risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Peer Support for Type 2 Diabetes Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Scoping Review.Global heart · 2024Article
- Current Evidence on the Association of Micronutrient Malnutrition with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Frailty, and Cognitive Frailty among Older Adults: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The role of vitamin D in the link between physical frailty and cognitive function: A mediation analysis in community-dwelling Chinese older adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- The Effect of Frailty on Walking Recovery After Hip Fracture: A Secondary Analysis of the Community Ambulation Project.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Evaluation of vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients referred to Labafinejad hospital in Tehran and its relationship with disease severity and mortality.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2021Article
- Pinpointing a Role for Vitamin D in Frailty: A Time for Animal Models?Advances in geriatric medicine and research · 2021Article
- Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of frailty among Chinese community-based oldest-old: evidence from the CLHLS study.BMC geriatrics · 2020Article
- Supplements with purported effects on muscle mass and strength.European journal of nutrition · 2019Review
- Editorial: Vitamin D: Does the Emperor Have No Clothes?The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2019Article
- Age at First Birth, Parity and History of Hysterectomy Are Associated to Frailty Status: Cross-Sectional Analysis from the International Mobility in Aging Study -Imias.Journal of cross-cultural gerontology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesEvidence suggests vitamin D deficiency is associated with developing frailty. However, cardiometabolic factors are related to both conditions and may confound and/or mediate the vitamin D-frailty association. We aimed to determine the association of vitamin D concentration with incidence of frailty, and the role of cardiometabolic diseases (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension) in this relationship.
designProspective longitudinal cohort study (7 visits from 1994-2008).
settingBaltimore, Maryland.
participantsThree hundred sixty-nine women from the Women's Health and Aging Study II aged 70-79 years, free of frailty at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Serum circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration was assessed at baseline and categorized as: <10; 10-19.9; 20-29.9; and ≥30 ng/mL. Frailty incidence was determined based on presence of three or more criteria: weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, weakness, and slowness. Cardiometabolic diseases were ascertained at baseline. Analyses included Cox regression models adjusted for key covariates.
resultsIncidence rate of frailty was 32.2 per 1,000 person-years in participants with 25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL, compared to 12.9 per 1,000 person-years in those with 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL (mean follow-up = 8.5 ± 3.7 years). In cumulative incidence analyses, those with lower 25(OH)D exhibited higher frailty incidence, though differences were non-significant (P = .057). In regression models adjusted for demographics, smoking, and season, 25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL (vs ≥30 ng/mL) was associated with nearly three-times greater frailty incidence (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.14, 6.71, P = .02). After adjusting for BMI, the relationship of 25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL (vs ≥30 ng/mL) with incident frailty persisted, but was attenuated after further accounting for cardiometabolic diseases (HR = 2.29, 95% CI = 0.92, 5.69, P = .07).
conclusionLow serum vitamin D concentration is associated with incident frailty in older women; interestingly, the relationship is no longer significant after accounting for the presence of cardiometabolic diseases. Future studies should explore mechanisms to explain this relationship.
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