ArticlePsychological review2017
Self-evaluation of decision-making: A general Bayesian framework for metacognitive computation.
Article in Psychological review, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 212 papers.
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Who cites it
212 citing papers in PubMed.
- New measures of agency from an adaptive sensorimotor task.PloS one · 2020Trial
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- The Dunning-Kruger effect does not account for Covid-scepticism or vaccine hesitancy.Royal Society open science · 2026Article
- Cognitive Control and Metacognition: The Effect of Interference, Working-Memory Load, and Shifting on Confidence in Response Correctness and Partial Error.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Loneliness is linked to reduced calibration of confidence to uncertainty in social decision-making.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Metacognition and metacognitive monitoring in aging.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Review
- Explaining Individual Differences in Metacognitive Monitoring: A Multilevel Analysis of Person-Level Predictors Across Academic Assessments.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Making Judgments of Learning Increases Restudy Choices: Evidence for Reactivity in Metacognitive Control.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Sociolinguistic Context Constrains Bilingual Advantages in Metacognition.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- Age-Related Differences in Neural Networks for Error Detection and Inhibitory Control: A LORETA-Based Comparative Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Cognitive and metacognitive markers of memory retrieval performance in speech prosody.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Observability constrains expertise-dependent kinematic readout in action prediction.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2026Article
- Beliefs about accuracy shape confidence attributions to humans and artificial agents.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Eye of the beholder: Pupillary response reflects how subjective prior beliefs shape reinforcement learning with fake news.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Type-1 and type-2 decisions feature computational noise of similar magnitude.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Metacognitive efficiency in learned value-based choice.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Modeling metacognition and executive functions in the metacognitive wisconsin card sorting test using the neuropsychological digital-twin method.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- OCD Compulsions as Aberrant Integration of Uncertainty from Local Goals to Global Goals.Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Reconceptualizing the sense of agency: expanding Decision-level Agency as mental action in the era of generative AI.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Self-Reflection Protects Behavior from Volatile Beliefs Linked to Paranoia.Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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2 authors.
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Abstract
People are often aware of their mistakes, and report levels of confidence in their choices that correlate with objective performance. These metacognitive assessments of decision quality are important for the guidance of behavior, particularly when external feedback is absent or sporadic. However, a computational framework that accounts for both confidence and error detection is lacking. In addition, accounts of dissociations between performance and metacognition have often relied on ad hoc assumptions, precluding a unified account of intact and impaired self-evaluation. Here we present a general Bayesian framework in which self-evaluation is cast as a "second-order" inference on a coupled but distinct decision system, computationally equivalent to inferring the performance of another actor. Second-order computation may ensue whenever there is a separation between internal states supporting decisions and confidence estimates over space and/or time. We contrast second-order computation against simpler first-order models in which the same internal state supports both decisions and confidence estimates. Through simulations we show that second-order computation provides a unified account of different types of self-evaluation often considered in separate literatures, such as confidence and error detection, and generates novel predictions about the contribution of one's own actions to metacognitive judgments. In addition, the model provides insight into why subjects' metacognition may sometimes be better or worse than task performance. We suggest that second-order computation may underpin self-evaluative judgments across a range of domains. (PsycINFO Database Record
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