ArticleScientific reports2016
The differentiated airway epithelium infected by influenza viruses maintains the barrier function despite a dramatic loss of ciliated cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in the Treatment and Management of Immunomodulatory Disorders.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Pooled it
- Animal organoids as models for integrated One Health research.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Article
- IFNL3 reduces replication of CIRDC-associated viruses in canine airway epithelial cells.Virus research · 2026Article
- Animal organoids as transformative platforms for viral infections and zoonotic cross-species viral research.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Ubiquitin E3 ligase MARCH10 targets influenza hemagglutinin for ubiquitination.Cellular signalling · 2025Article
- Lung cell fates during influenza.Cell research · 2025Review
- Stilbenes in cancer therapy: insights into molecular targets, and advances towards clinical application.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- The long reach of influenza and other respiratory viruses: from acute epithelial injury to post-viral lung disease.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The Originally Established PBE Cell Line as a Reliable In Vitro Model for Investigating SIV Infection and Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Bioprinted Four-Cell-Type Lung Model for Viral Infection Studies Under Air-Liquid Interface Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Establishment and validation of red fox (vulpes vulpes) airway epithelial cell cultures at the air-liquid-interface.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Modulation of cytokeratin and cytokine/chemokine expression following influenza virus infection of differentiated human tonsillar epithelial cells.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Primary cell culture systems to investigate host-pathogen interactions in bacterial respiratory tract infections of livestock.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Interplay between respiratory viruses and cilia in the airways.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Serum valeric acid stimulates lung epithelial cilia assembly and improves prognosis in patients with severe respiratory infections.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- In vitro analysis of antiviral immune response against avian influenza virus in chicken tracheal epithelial cells.Animal bioscience · 2024Article
- Method of moments framework for differential expression analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data.Cell · 2024Article
- Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and health outcomes among outpatients infected with the common cold coronaviruses versus influenza virus.Virology journal · 2024Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Virus-host interactions in the respiratory epithelium during long term influenza virus infection are not well characterized. Therefore, we developed an air-liquid interface culture system for differentiated porcine respiratory epithelial cells to study the effect of virus-induced cellular damage. In our well-differentiated cells, α2,6-linked sialic acid is predominantly expressed on the apical surface and the basal cells mainly express α2,3-linked sialic acid. During the whole infection period, release of infectious virus was maintained at a high titre for more than seven days. The infected epithelial cells were subject to apoptosis resulting in the loss of ciliated cells together with a thinner thickness. Nevertheless, the airway epithelium maintained trans-epithelial electrical resistance and retained its barrier function. The loss of ciliated cells was compensated by the cells which contained the KRT5 basal cell marker but were not yet differentiated into ciliated cells. These specialized cells showed an increase of α2,3-linked sialic acid on the apical surface. In sum, our results help to explain the localized infection of the airway epithelium by influenza viruses. The impairment of mucociliary clearance in the epithelial cells provides an explanation why prior viral infection renders the host more susceptible to secondary co-infection by another pathogen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.