ArticleNeurocritical care2017
Lymphopenia, Infectious Complications, and Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Article in Neurocritical care, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05889169 (Stroke-induced Immunodepression), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stroke-induced Immunodepression: Role in the Neurorehabilitation Setting
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell, and C-reactive protein predicts poor outcome and increased mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage patients: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage Induces Monocyte TNF Signaling in Patients That Is Suppressed by BAF312.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Development of a Novel Prognostic Inflammation Index to Predict Poor Outcomes in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Longitudinal Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Intracerebral hemorrhage induces monocyte TNF signaling that is suppressed by Siponimod (BAF312): a single-cell transcriptomics study in patients.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Comparative associations of three nutritional indices with hematoma expansion after intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The impact of early nutritional and immune status assessment on all-cause mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio for all-cause mortality and consciousness impairment in critically ill cerebrovascular disease patients.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Early Hematoma Evacuation Can Prevent Infectious Complications in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Risk factors and model construction for early neurological deterioration in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Prediction of the outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage by blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: a prospective observational study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Article
- The role of stroke-induced immunosuppression as a predictor of functional outcome in the neurorehabilitation setting.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictive biomarker for early diagnosis of depression: A narrative review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Review
- Systemic inflammation and immune index predicting outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Systemic innate myeloid responses to acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023Review
- Preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index may predict prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with spontaneous basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage undergoing surgical operation.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Association between high serum blood glucose lymphocyte ratio and all-cause mortality in non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio on admission predicts gastrointestinal bleeding in acute basal ganglia hemorrhage.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Article
- Various effects of nutritional status on clinical outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage.Internal and emergency medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLymphopenia is increasingly recognized as a consequence of acute illness and may predispose to infections. We investigated whether admission lymphopenia (AL) is associated with increased risk of infectious complications and poor outcome in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed a prospectively collected cohort of ICH patients ascertained between 1994 and 2015. We identified subjects with lymphocyte count obtained within 24 h from onset, and AL was defined as lymphocyte count <1000/μL. Infectious complications were assessed through retrospective chart review. Association between AL, infections, and mortality was investigated using multivariable logistic regression.
resultsOf the 2014 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 548 (27.2%) had AL and 605 (30.0%) developed an infectious complication. Case-fatality at 90 days was 36.9%. Patients with AL had larger hematoma volumes, higher frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage, and lower Glasgow Coma Scale score on presentation (all p < 0.001). AL was independently associated with increased risk of pneumonia [odds ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-2.58, p < 0.001] and multiple infections (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.24-2.71, p = 0.003). AL was also an independent predictor of 90-day mortality (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.18-2.04, p = 0.002) after adjusting for confounders.
conclusionsAL is common in ICH patients and independently associated with increased risk of infectious complications and poor outcome. Further studies will be needed to determine whether prophylactic antibiotics in ICH patients with AL can improve outcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.