ArticleLung2017
The Effect of Aerosol Saline on Laboratory-Induced Dyspnea.
Article in Lung, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Placebo Status of Nebulized Normal Saline in Patients With Acute Viral Bronchiolitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Hypnosis for the Management of Anxiety and Dyspnea in COPD: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Crossover Trial.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2020Trial
- Inhaled furosemide for relief of air hunger versus sense of breathing effort: a randomized controlled trial.Respiratory research · 2018Trial
- Air Hunger: A Primal Sensation and a Primary Element of Dyspnea.Comprehensive Physiology · 2021Article
- Placebo and Nocebo Effects Across Symptoms: From Pain to Fatigue, Dyspnea, Nausea, and Itch.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- Effect of Inhaled Nebulized Furosemide (40 and 120 mg) on Breathlessness during Exercise in the Presence of External Thoracic Restriction in Healthy Men.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- Aerosol furosemide for dyspnea: High-dose controlled delivery does not improve effectiveness.Respiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2018Article
- Measuring dyspnoea: new multidimensional instruments to match our 21st century understanding.The European respiratory journal · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIn the 'placebo arm' of a recent study, we found that aerosol saline (sham treatment) produced substantial relief of laboratory-induced dyspnea (Breathing discomfort-BD) in nearly half the subjects. The sham intervention included a physiological change, and instructions to subjects could have produced expectation of dyspnea relief. In the present study, we attempted to discover whether the response to sham aerosol was driven by behavioral or physiological aspects of the intervention.
methodsDyspnea (air hunger) was evoked by constraining tidal volume during graded hypercapnia. We measured [Formula: see text] versus BD relationship before and after aerosol saline. To minimize subjects' expectations of dyspnea relief, participants were clearly instructed that we would only deliver saline aerosol. In Protocol 1, we delivered aerosol saline with a ventilator (mimicking our prior study); in Protocol 2, we delivered aerosol without a ventilator.
resultsAdministration of aerosol saline had little effect on BD in this group of subjects with one exception: one subject experienced appreciable reduction in BD in Protocol 1. This treatment effect was less in Protocol 2. The two most likely explanations are (a) that procedures surrounding ventilator administration of aerosol produced a psychological placebo treatment effect even though the subject knew a drug was not given; (b) there were behavioral changes in breathing undetected by our measurements of respiratory flow and volume that altered the subjects comfort.
conclusionWhen the expectation of treatment effect is minimized, a significant reduction in dyspnea in response to saline placebo is uncommon but not impossible.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.