Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28003814›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2016

The Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Raloxifene Inhibits Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation.

Roxana Flores, Simon Döhrmann, Christina Schaal, Abdul Hakkim, Victor Nizet, Ross Corriden

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. The immunomodulatory effects of endocrine therapy in breast cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Life and death of circulating cell-free DNA.Cancer biology & therapy · 2019
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Roxana FloresDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA.
Simon DöhrmannDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA.
Christina SchaalDepartment of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hanover , Germany.
Abdul HakkimDepartment of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA.
Victor NizetDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA.
Ross CorridenDepartment of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA.
University of California, San Diego · USHarvard University · USUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator typically prescribed for the prevention/treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Although raloxifene is known to have anti-inflammatory properties, its effects on human neutrophils, the primary phagocytic leukocytes of the immune system, remain poorly understood. Here, through a screen of pharmacologically active small molecules, we find that raloxifene prevents neutrophil cell death in response to the classical activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a compound known to induce formation of DNA-based neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Inhibition of PMA-induced NET production by raloxifene was confirmed using quantitative and imaging-based assays. Human neutrophils from both male and female donors express the nuclear estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, known targets of raloxifene. Similar to raloxifene, selective antagonists of these receptors inhibit PMA-induced NET production. Furthermore, raloxifene inhibited PMA-induced ERK phosphorylation, but not reactive oxygen species production, pathways known to be key modulators of NET production. Finally, we found that raloxifene inhibited PMA-induced, NET-based killing of the leading human bacterial pathogen, methicillin-resistant

Indexed as

extracellular trapshost–pathogen interactionsMRSAneutrophilsraloxifene

Identifiers

PMID28003814
PMCPMC5141331
OpenAlexW2558724917

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.