SynthesisBMC gastroenterology2016
Smoking influences the need for surgery in patients with the inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis incorporating disease duration.
Synthesis in BMC gastroenterology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Passive smoking exposure and incidence and disease outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Diet and inflammatory bowel disease: The Asian Working Group guidelines.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2019Guideline
- ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Crohn's Disease in Adults.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2018Guideline
- Review
- Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Practice Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in a Large National Veterans Cohort.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2025Article
- Higher Life's Essential 8 score is associated with reduced risk of related surgery and all-cause mortality among 3232 individuals with inflammatory bowel disease in a longitudinal cohort study.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Developing IBD counsellors in low- and middle-income countries: bridging gaps in patient care.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Neutrophils: From Inflammatory Bowel Disease to Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Chronic Exposure to Both Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes Alters Ileum and Colon Turnover, Immune Function, and Barrier Integrity in Mice.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Article
- Assessing Progression of Biologic Therapies Based on Smoking Status in Patients With Crohn's Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2024Article
- Pregnancy period and early-life risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: a Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Factors associated with surgical resection in patients with Crohn's disease: long-term evaluation.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2024Article
- The Management of Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Tobacco use in Crohn's disease patients and association with disease outcomes in the United States Medicaid population, 2010-2019.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2023Article
- Where Do We Stand in the Behavioral Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease? The Western Dietary Pattern and Microbiota-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Role of hospitalization for inflammatory bowel disease in the post-biologic era.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Review
- The clinical practice of ulcerative colitis in elderly patients: An investigation using a nationwide database in Japan.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2021Article
- Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- The impact of tobacco smoking on treatment choice and efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease.Intestinal research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies examining the association between smoking and the need for surgery in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis have reached inconsistent conclusions. These studies often do not differentiate between patients undergoing early surgery and patients having surgery later in their disease course. Our study examined the association between smoking status and time to first bowel resection in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies (n = 12) reporting on the association between smoking status (current, former, and never) and surgery in IBD, and incorporated disease duration in the analysis. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled across studies using random effects models.
resultsCurrent smokers with Crohn's disease were at increased risk of intestinal resection compared to never smokers (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.49); however, there was no difference in the need for surgery when comparing former and never smokers (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.30). In patients with ulcerative colitis, there was no difference in the need for colectomy when comparing current smokers to never smokers (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.44). Former smokers with ulcerative colitis were at increased risk of colectomy (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.83) compared to never smokers.
conclusionsCurrent smokers with Crohn's disease are at increased risk of surgery, while former smokers with ulcerative colitis have increased risk of colectomy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.