ArticlePloS one2016
Contraceptive Use Affects Overall Olfactory Performance: Investigation of Estradiol Dosage and Duration of Intake.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Olfactory perception and wellbeing across hormonal contraceptive users and menstrual cycle phases.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Estrogens regulate early embryonic development of the olfactory sensory system via estrogen-responsive glia.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Sensory Processing in the Autism Spectrum: The Role of Attention to Detail and Somatic Trait Anxiety in the Olfactory Perception of the General Population.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Article
- The social odor scale: Development and initial validation of a new scale for the assessment of social odor awareness.PloS one · 2021Article
- Odor Sensitivity Versus Odor Identification in Older US Adults: Associations With Cognition, Age, Gender, and Race.Chemical senses · 2020Article
- Human body odor increases familiarity for faces during encoding-retrieval task.Human brain mapping · 2020Article
- Association between subjective olfactory dysfunction and female hormone-related factors in South Korea.Scientific reports · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
The influence of female sex steroids on cognitive performance and sensory perception has been investigated for decades. However, previous research that studied olfaction revealed inconsistent results. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different ethinyl estradiol (EE) concentrations of oral contraceptives and duration of intake on olfactory function. Forty-two healthy women, with regular intake of either high or low EE dosage over at least one year and up to 15 years participated in this study. Results revealed a significant concordance between a priori categorization in the two groups with high and low EE dosage and data-driven hierarchical clustering (p = 0.008). Furthermore, significantly higher olfactory performance was observed in women using low-dose products compared to women using high-dosed products (p = 0.019). These findings indicate different effects of pill use with regard to EE concentration. We therefore strongly recommend the acquisition of information about EE dosage of oral contraceptives to reduce potential confounding factors when investigating sensory systems.
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