ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2017
When to initiate immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IGRT) in antibody deficiency: a practical approach.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Humoral immune response to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine in healthy participants receiving efgartigimod: a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 1 trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy Versus Antibiotic Prophylaxis as Treatment for Incomplete Primary Antibody Deficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Trial
- [Clinical profile of patients with secondary immunodeficiency on immunoglobulin replacement therapy].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Observational
- Posttransplant B cell Development and Function in Patients with B cell Positive SCID Caused by Pathogenic Variants in IL2RG and JAK3.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Association Between Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Pulmonary Amyloidosis: Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Multidimensional Assessment of Patient-Reported-Outcomes in a Multicenter Cohort of Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Quality improvement project - Implementation of subcutaneous immunoglobulin in patients with haematological disorders and secondary immunodeficiency.Therapeutic advances in hematology · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gap in Secondary Antibody Deficiencies: Current Evidence and Unmet Needs in Diagnosis and Management with Immunoglobulin Replacement.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Real-World Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of Facilitated Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin 10% in Secondary Immunodeficiency Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies: impact of infusion method on immunoglobulin-specific perceptions of quality of life and treatment satisfaction.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025Article
- Patient-reported outcomes with subcutaneous immunoglobulin in secondary immunodeficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Intermittent immunoadsorption in critically ill patients with neuroimmunological disorders: a retrospective study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Secondary antibody deficiencies: what's around the corner?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Multiple Myeloma and Secondary Immunodeficiency: A Retrospective Database Analysis Assessing Burden of Infection and Treatment Patterns.Advances in hematology · 2025Article
- Article
- Gastroenterological disorders in inborn errors of immunity. Part 1. Epidemiology, classification, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.Przeglad gastroenterologiczny · 2025Review
- Common variable immunodeficiency: autoimmune cytopenias and advances in molecular diagnosis.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2024Review
- Treatment patterns and burden of infection in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and secondary immunodeficiency: a retrospective database study.Annals of hematology · 2024Article
- Dissecting Secondary Immunodeficiency: Identification of Primary Immunodeficiency within B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) constitute the majority of all primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) and immunoglobulin replacement forms the mainstay of therapy for many patients in this category. Secondary antibody deficiencies (SAD) represent a larger and expanding number of patients resulting from the use of a wide range of immunosuppressive therapies, in particular those targeting B cells, and may also result from renal or gastrointestinal immunoglobulin losses. While there are clear similarities between primary and secondary antibody deficiencies, there are also significant differences. This review describes a practical approach to the clinical, laboratory and radiological assessment of patients with antibody deficiency, focusing on the factors that determine whether or not immunoglobulin replacement should be used. The decision to treat is more straightforward when defined diagnostic criteria for some of the major PADs, such as common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) or X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA), are fulfilled or, indeed, when there is a very low level of immunoglobulin production in association with an increased frequency of severe or recurrent infections in SAD. However, the presentation of many patients is less clear-cut and represents a considerable challenge in terms of the decision whether or not to treat and the best way in which to assess the outcome of therapy. This decision is important, not least to improve individual quality of life and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with recurrent infections but also to avoid inappropriate exposure to blood products and to ensure that immunoglobulin, a costly and limited resource, is used to maximal benefit.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.