ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review on the Influences of Neurotoxicological Xenobiotic Compounds on Inhibitory Control.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Pooled it
- Molecular Basis of Ferroptosis and Pyroptosis in Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Therapeutic Implications.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Perinatal lead (Pb) exposure and alterations to amyloid beta and metabolic profiles in the brain.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Lead Is Toxic to Neuronal Cells by Inducing Oxidative Stress and Activating Neuroinflammatory Pathways.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Ginsenoside Rh1 Modulates GABAergic Inhibitory Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Quality Control During Lead (Pb)-Associated Neuronal Dysfunction.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Environmental Risk Factors, Toxic Metals, and Essential Elements in Urine Samples of Algerian Children with Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neurotypical Children.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Cell composition, transcriptomic, and functional pathway changes in the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease and overlap with lead (Pb) exposure signatures.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Caffeic Acid Mitigates Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Lead-induced Neurotoxicity in Rats With Possible Involvement of TFEB.Neurotoxicity research · 2026Article
- Lead (Pb) and the NMDA Receptor Hypofunction Hypothesis: A Comparative Review of Non-Essential Metal Exposures in Schizophrenia.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective Potential ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Environmental Lead Promotes Breast Cancer Migration and Invasion via the AKR1C3-NF-κB-MMP Axis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Disturbances in Mitochondrial Network, Biogenesis, and Mitochondria-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Selected Brain Structures of Rats Exposed to Lead (Pb) During Prenatal and Neonatal Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Eucalyptol Attenuates Lead-Induced Anxiety-like Behaviors by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation, Modulating SIRT1/NF-κB Signaling, and Upregulating BDNF Expression.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Lead binds HIF-1α contributing to depression-like behaviour through modulating mitochondria-associated astrocyte ferroptosis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Lead exposure in relation to gut homeostasis, microbiota, and metabolites.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Review
- Neurological impact of sub-chronic lead acetate exposure on pain perception in mice.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Recent advances in the clinical management of intoxication by five heavy metals: Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium and arsenic.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Mitofilin-mtDNA Axis Mediates Chronic Lead Exposure-Induced Synaptic Plasticity Impairment of Hippocampal and Cognitive Deficits.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Article
- Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
That the nervous system is the main target of lead (Pb) has long been considered an established fact until recent evidence has linked the Pb effect on the immune system to the toxic effects of Pb on the nervous system. In this paper, we present recent literature reports on the effect of Pb on the inflammatory processes in the brain, particularly the expression of selected cytokines in the brain (interleukin 6, TGF-β1, interleukin 16, interleukin 18, and interleukin 10); expression and activity of enzymes participating in the inflammatory processes, such as cyclooxygenase 2, caspase 1, nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS 2) and proteases (carboxypeptidases, metalloproteinases and chymotrypsin); and the expression of purine receptors P2X4 and P2X7. A significant role in the development of inflammatory processes in the brain is also played by microglia (residual macrophages in the brain and the spinal cord), which act as the first line of defense in the central nervous system, and astrocytes-Whose most important function is to maintain homeostasis for the proper functioning of neurons. In this paper, we also present evidence that exposure to Pb may result in micro and astrogliosis by triggering TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling cascade and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.