ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Metabolomic Approaches to Explore Chemical Diversity of Human Breast-Milk, Formula Milk and Bovine Milk.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrating the milk microbiome signatures in mastitis: milk-omics and functional implications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Lactation-Stage-Matched Human and Bovine Milk Samples at 2 Weeks Postnatal.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Association Study of Lactation Traits in Chinese Holstein Cows in Southern China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Metabolomics can provide new insights into perinatal nutrition.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2023Review
- Interrogating the role of the milk microbiome in mastitis in the multi-omics era.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Metabolic impact of infant formulas in young infants. An outlook from the urine metabolome.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- The Metabolomic Analysis of Human Milk Offers Unique Insights into Potential Child Health Benefits.Current nutrition reports · 2021Review
- Article
- Metabolomic Profile of Personalized Donor Human Milk.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Review
- Current Practice in Untargeted Human Milk Metabolomics.Metabolites · 2020Review
- The Milk Metabolome of Non-secretor and Lewis Negative Mothers.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Article
- Metabolomic Insights into the Effects of Breast Milk Versus Formula Milk Feeding in Infants.Current nutrition reports · 2019Review
- The Profile of Human Milk Metabolome, Cytokines, and Antibodies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Versus Healthy Mothers, and Potential Impact on the Newborn.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2019Article
- Early life nutrition.Science progress · 2018Review
- Metabolic profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of energy metabolism in high-fat diet-fed obese mice.PloS one · 2017Article
- Innate Immunity and Breast Milk.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although many studies have been conducted on the components present in human breast milk (HM), research on the differences of chemical metabolites between HM, bovine milk (BM) and formula milk (FM) is limited. This study was to explore the chemical diversity of HM, BM and FM by metabolomic approaches. GC-TOFMS and UPLC-QTOFMS were applied to investigate the metabolic compositions in 30 HM samples, 20 FM samples and 20 BM samples. Metabolite profiling identified that most of the non-esterified fatty acids, which reflected the hydrolysis of triglycerides, were much more abundant in HM than those in FM and BM, except for palmitic acid and stearic acid. The levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates were much higher in FM and BM than those in HM. Each type of milk also showed its unique composition of free amino acids and free carbohydrates. In conclusion, higher levels of non-esterified saturated fatty acids with aliphatic tails <16 carbons, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower levels of TCA intermediates are characteristic of HM, as compared with FM and BM. The content of non-esterified fatty acids may reflect the hydrolysis of triglycerides in different milk types.
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Registered trials
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