ArticleToxins2016
Probiotic Microorganisms Inhibit Epithelial Cell Internalization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A.
Article in Toxins, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Critical Review of Postbiotics as Promising Novel Therapeutic Agents for Clostridial Infections.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Infant Botulism: In Search of Clostridium botulinum Spores.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Case report: Aberrant fecal microbiota composition of an infant diagnosed with prolonged intestinal botulism.Gut pathogens · 2024Article
- The Role of Probiotics in Improving Food Safety: Inactivation of Pathogens and Biological Toxins.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Review
- Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism.Toxins · 2020Review
- An Introduction to the Toxins Special Issue on "Novel Pharmacological Inhibitors for Bacterial Protein Toxins".Toxins · 2017Article
- Efficacy and Safety of a Multistrain Probiotic Formulation Depends from Manufacturing.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are some of the most poisonous natural toxins known to man and are threats to public health and safety. Previous work from our laboratory showed that both BoNT serotype A complex and holotoxin can bind and transit through the intestinal epithelia to disseminate in the blood. The timing of BoNT/A toxin internalization was shown to be comparable in both the Caco-2 in vitro cell culture and in the oral mouse intoxication models. Probiotic microorganisms have been extensively studied for their beneficial effects in not only maintaining the normal gut mucosa but also protection from allergens, pathogens, and toxins. In this study, we evaluate whether probiotic microorganisms will block BoNT/A uptake in the in vitro cell culture system using Caco-2 cells. Several probiotics tested (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.