ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2016
Recruiting Diverse Smokers: Enrollment Yields and Cost.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Online Patient Recruitment in Clinical Trials: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Pooled it
- Social media recruitment for mental health research: A systematic review.Comprehensive psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- An evaluation of paid social media advertising and traditional advertising for addiction research recruitment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Using Social Media to Recruit a Diverse Sample of Participants for a Mobile Health (mHealth) Intervention to Increase Physical Activity: Exploratory Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- Recruiting racially and ethnically diverse smokers seeking treatment: Lessons learned from a smoking cessation randomized clinical trial.Addictive behaviors · 2022Trial
- Recruitment and enrollment of participants in an online diabetes self-management intervention in a virtual environment.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Trial
- Comparing Methods of Recruiting Spanish-Preferring Smokers in the United States: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Trial
- "That's probably what my mama's lungs look like": how adolescent children react to pictorial warnings on their parents' cigarette packs.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Why smokers avoid cigarette pack risk messages: Two randomized clinical trials in the United States.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Trial
- Participant Recruitment and Retention in Remote eHealth Intervention Trials: Methods and Lessons Learned From a Large Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Web-Based Smoking Interventions.Journal of medical Internet research · 2018Trial
- Frequency and Content of Conversations About Pictorial Warnings on Cigarette Packs.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Trial
- Trajectories of Responses to Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Trial
- Strategies for recruiting participants underrepresented in clinical research: A scoping review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Advancing translational science through trial integrity: REDCap-based approaches to mitigating fraud and bias.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Challenges and Opportunities in Recruiting Research Participants Using Facebook: Lessons Learned from an Exemplar Study.The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres · 2024Article
- Recruitment in Appalachian, Rural and Older Adult Populations in an Artificial Intelligence World: Study Using Human-Mediated Follow-Up.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Proactive and Reactive Recruitment of Black and Latino Adolescents in a Vaping Prevention Randomized Controlled Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Engaging smokers in research: Utility of Facebook in facilitating recruitment to a smoking cessation study.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Article
- Psychosocial determinants of quit motivation in older smokers from deprived backgrounds: a cross-sectional survey.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Remote Methods for Conducting Tobacco-Focused Clinical Trials.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To help tobacco control research better include vulnerable populations, we sought to identify effective ways to recruit diverse smokers. In 2014-2015, we recruited 2149 adult cigarette smokers in California and North Carolina, United States, to participate in a randomized trial of pictorial cigarette pack warnings. The most effective means of recruiting smokers were the classified advertising website Craigslist (28% of participants), word of mouth (23%), Facebook (16%), and flyers or postcards (14%). Low-income and African American smokers were more likely to respond to interpersonal contact (including staff in-person recruitment and word of mouth) than were high-income and non-African American smokers (all
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.