ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Microbial Etiology of Pneumonia: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Resistance Patterns.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 284 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medicinal Plants Used for Combating Human Bacterial Diseases in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review of ceftaroline fosamil in the management of patients with methicillin-resistantEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Global Perspective ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Role of Vitamin D in Preventing and Treating Selected Extraskeletal Diseases-An Umbrella Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Seasonality of antimicrobial resistance rates in respiratory bacteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Microbiological Analysis of Lower Airway Samples: Does It Influence the Outcome in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia?APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Trial
- Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment Analyses Evaluating Omadacycline Dosing Regimens for the Treatment of Patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia Arising from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Trial
- Early Clinical Response in Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: From Clinical Endpoint to Clinical Practice.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Article
- The Convergence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence inMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Assessment of Compliance with National and International Guidelines in the Empirical Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Lebanese Hospitals: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a machine learning-based diagnostic system for 22 pediatric respiratory pathogens: a large-scale multicenter study.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Pharmacological evaluation of selected medicinal plant extracts against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: implications for inflammation-associated respiratory infections.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Impact of pathogen co-detection on disease severity and clinical outcomes in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio and sleep duration as predictors of pneumonia: Evidence from NHANES 2011-2018.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Periodontitis and respiratory infections - exploring the oral-systemic link.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Insights Into Pathogen Spectrum and Mixed Microbial Detection in Critically Ill Patients With Pulmonary Infection Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing.Canadian respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Decoding pulmonary infections through targeted next-generation sequencing: comprehensive pathogen profiling in 999 clinical cases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Application of artificial intelligence in geriatric infection: recent advances and prospects.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Globally, pneumonia is a serious public health concern and a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Despite advances in antimicrobial therapies, microbiological diagnostic tests and prevention measures, pneumonia remains the main cause of death from infectious disease in the world. An important reason for the increased global mortality is the impact of pneumonia on chronic diseases, along with the increasing age of the population and the virulence factors of the causative microorganism. The increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria, difficult-to-treat microorganisms, and the emergence of new pathogens are a major problem for clinicians when deciding antimicrobial therapy. A key factor for managing and effectively guiding appropriate antimicrobial therapy is an understanding of the role of the different causative microorganisms in the etiology of pneumonia, since it has been shown that the adequacy of initial antimicrobial therapy is a key factor for prognosis in pneumonia. Furthermore, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapies are sometimes given until microbiological results are available and de-escalation cannot be performed quickly. This review provides an overview of microbial etiology, resistance patterns, epidemiology and microbial diagnosis of pneumonia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.