ArticleJournal of neurotrauma2017
Application of the Rat Grimace Scale as a Marker of Supraspinal Pain Sensation after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.
Article in Journal of neurotrauma, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Grimace scale, burrowing, and nest building for the assessment of post-surgical pain in mice and rats-A systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Behavioral assessment of pain in rodents: advances from evoked responses to spontaneous states and multimodal approaches.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Assessment of the quality of life of cats affected by paraparesis/paraplegia and urinary retention, and their impact on caregivers.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- The grimace scale: a useful tool for assessing pain in laboratory animals.Experimental animals · 2024Review
- Refinement of the motorised laminectomy-assisted rat spinal cord injury model by analgesic treatment.PloS one · 2024Article
- Review
- Assessing Orofacial Pain Behaviors in Animal Models: A Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- The mechanism of human neural stem cell secretomes improves neuropathic pain and locomotor function in spinal cord injury rat models: through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-matrix degradation, and neurotrophic activities.The Korean journal of pain · 2023Article
- Preclinical orofacial pain assays and measures and chronic primary orofacial pain research: where we are and where we need to go.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Gingerol-Enriched Ginger Supplementation Mitigates Neuropathic PainFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Grimace Scores: Tools to Support the Identification of Pain in Mammals Used in Research.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Review
- Regional Hyperexcitability and Chronic Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2020Review
- Preclinical Neuropathic Pain Assessment; the Importance of Translatability and Bidirectional Research.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: Challenges and Research Perspectives.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2018Review
- Blast-induced brain injury in rats leads to transient vestibulomotor deficits and persistent orofacial pain.Brain injury · 2018Article
- The grimace scale reliably assesses chronic pain in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Experimental models of neuropathic pain (NP) typically rely on withdrawal responses to assess the presence of pain. Reflexive withdrawal responses to a stimulus are used to evaluate evoked pain and, as such, do not include the assessment of spontaneous NP nor evaluation of the affective and emotional consequences of pain in animal models. Additionally, withdrawal responses can be mediated by spinal cord reflexes and may not accurately indicate supraspinal pain sensation. This is especially true in models of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), wherein spastic syndrome, a motor disorder characterized by exaggeration of the stretch reflex that is secondary to hyperexcitability of the spinal reflex, can cause paroxysmal withdrawals not associated with NP sensation. Consequently, the aim of this study was to utilize an assessment of supraspinal pain sensation, the Rat Grimace Scale (RGS), to measure both spontaneous and evoked NP after a contusion SCI at cervical level 5 in adult male rats. Spontaneous and evoked pain were assessed using the RGS to score facial action units before and after the application of a stimulus, respectively. Rodents exhibited significantly higher RGS scores at week 5 post-injury as compared to baseline and laminectomy controls before the application of the stimulus, suggesting the presence of spontaneous NP. Additionally, there was a significant increase in RGS scores after the application of the acetone. These data suggest that the RGS can be used to assess spontaneous NP and determine the presence of evoked supraspinal pain sensation after experimental cervical SCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.