ReviewSpinal cord2017
The developing landscape of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for spinal cord injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood.
Review in Spinal cord, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluid biomarkers for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Early CSF Biomarkers and Late Functional Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injury. A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Trial
- Smart closed-loop drug delivery systems.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025Article
- Role of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells in White Matter Injury.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- MRI variables and peripheral inflammatory response biomarkers predict severity and prognosis in patients with acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Clinical Assessment and Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Advancements in Cerebrospinal Fluid Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Early Diagnosis to the Detection of Rare Diseases.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Acute spinal cord injury serum biomarkers in human and rat: a scoping systematic review.Spinal cord series and cases · 2024Article
- Steroid inhibited Serpina3n expression which was positively correlated with the degrees of spinal cord injury.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Promising Biomarkers for Spinal Cord Injury: A Brief Review.Current trends in biomedical engineering & biosciences · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of Spinal Cord Injury in Patients Undergoing Complex Endovascular Aortic Repair Procedures-A Narrative Review of Current Literature.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Association of CSF and Serum Neurofilament Light and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Injury Severity, and Outcome in Spinal Cord Injury.Neurology · 2023Article
- Comprehensive analysis of a pyroptosis-related gene signature of clinical and biological values in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Specific Blood RNA Profiles in Individuals with Acute Spinal Cord Injury as Compared with Trauma Controls.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2023Article
- MiRNAs as Promising Translational Strategies for Neuronal Repair and Regeneration in Spinal Cord Injury.Cells · 2022Review
- Application value of biofluid-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Investigation of the blood proteome in response to spinal cord injury in rodent models.Spinal cord · 2022Article
- A Nomogram for Predicting Acute Respiratory Failure After Cervical Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Based on Admission Clinical Findings.Neurocritical care · 2022Article
- CCR7-mediated T follicular helper cell differentiation is associated with the pathogenesis and immune microenvironment of spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designReview study.
objectivesThe identification of prognostic biomarkers of spinal cord injury (SCI) will help to assign SCI patients to the correct treatment and rehabilitation regimes. Further, the detection of biomarkers that predict permanent neurological outcome would aid in appropriate recruitment of patients into clinical trials. The objective of this review is to evaluate the current state-of-play in this developing field.
settingStudies from multiple countries were included.
methodsWe have completed a comprehensive review of studies that have investigated prognostic biomarkers in either the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of animals and humans following SCI.
resultsTargeted and unbiased approaches have identified several prognostic biomarkers in CSF and blood. These proteins associate with cellular damage following SCI and include components from neurons, oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes, that is, neurofilament proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, Tau and S100 calcium-binding protein β. Unbiased approaches have also identified microRNAs that are specific to SCI, as well as other cell damage-associated proteins.
conclusionsThe discovery and validation of stable, specific, sensitive and reproducible biomarkers of SCI is a rapidly expanding field of research. So far, few studies have utilised unbiased approaches aimed at the discovery of biomarkers within the CSF or blood in this field; however, some targeted approaches have been successfully used. Several studies using various animal models and some with small human patient cohorts have begun to pinpoint biomarkers in the CSF and blood with putative prognostic value. An increased sample size will be required to validate these biomarkers in the heterogeneous clinical setting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.