ArticleSSM - population health2016
Association of individual and community factors with C-reactive protein and 25-hydroxyvitamin D: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Article in SSM - population health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neighborhood Access to the Built Environment and Allostatic Load: A Systematic Review of the Use of Geographic Information Systems.Public health reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Interindividual Variation in Chronic Inflammation in Northern Lao People's Democratic Republic.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Neighborhood-level adversity and inflammation among sexual minority men living with HIV.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Article
- Nutritional factors associated with aggression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Neighborhood disorder predicts lower serum vitamin D levels in pregnant African American women: A pilot study.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Many individual and community/neighborhood factors may contribute to inflammation and vitamin D deficiency leading to the development of chronic diseases. This study examined the associations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with individual and community/neighborhood (tract-level or county-level) factors using a nationally representative sample from 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data from the 2001-2006 waves of the continuous NHANES was merged with the 2000 census and other neighborhood data sources constructed using geographic information system. Associations between multilevel factors and biomarker levels were assessed using multilevel random-intercept regression models. 6643 participants aged 19-65 (3402 men and 3241 women) were included in the analysis. Family income-to-needs ratio was inversely associated with CRP (P=0.002) and positively associated with 25(OH)D levels (P=0.0003). County crime rates were positively associated with CRP (P=0.007) and inversely associated with 25(OH)D levels (P=0.0002). The associations with income-to-needs ratio were significant in men [CRP; P=0.005; 25(OH)D, P=0.005] but not in women. For county crime rates, the association was only significant in women for CRP (P=0.004) and was significant in both men (P=0.01) and women (P=0.001) for 25(OH)D. Additionally, overall CRP was positively associated with age (P<0.0001), female sex (P<0.0001), Hispanic race/ethnicity (P=0.0001), current smokers (P<0.0001), body mass index (BMI, P<0.0001), and participants who were US-born (P=0.02). Non-Hispanic black (P<0.0001) and Hispanic race/ethnicity (P<0.0001), current smoker (P=0.047), and higher BMI (P<0.0001) were associated with lower serum 25(OH)D levels. No significant associations were observed between other community/neighborhood variables and serum CRP and 25(OH)D levels. The current results suggest that family income-to-needs ratio and county crime rate may be important contributors to chronic inflammation and vitamin D status.
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