ReviewFrontiers in physiology2016
Effect of Environmental and Feedback Interventions on Pacing Profiles in Cycling: A Meta-Analysis.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustainable solutions to mitigate occupational heat strain - an umbrella review of physiological effects and global health perspectives.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Comparative effects of high-intensity interval training at low and moderate altitudes on 5000-m performance and perceptual responses: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2026Article
- Performance, cardioventilatory and perceptual responses to perceived opponent ability during head-to-head cycling competition.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Solo Versus Tandem Cycling Performance: The Whole Is Less Than the Sum of the Parts.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Effect of oral administration of GABA on thermoregulation in athletes during exercise in cold environments: A preliminary study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Impact of a Cold Environment on the Performance of Professional Cyclists: A Pilot Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Less Is More-Cyclists-Triathlete's 30 min Cycling Time-Trial Performance Is Impaired With Multiple Feedback Compared to a Single Feedback.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Influence of environmental factors on Olympic cross-country mountain bike performance.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2020Article
- Pacing and Positioning Strategies During an Elite Fixed-Gear Cycling Criterium.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2020Article
- Self-Selected Pacing during a 24 h Track Cycling World Record.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- The Effect of Head-to-Head Competition on Behavioural Thermoregulation, Thermophysiological Strain and Performance During Exercise in the Heat.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Article
- The Manipulation of Pace within Endurance Sport.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In search of their optimal performance athletes will alter their pacing strategy according to intrinsic and extrinsic physiological, psychological and environmental factors. However, the effect of some of these variables on pacing and exercise performance remains somewhat unclear. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an overview as to how manipulation of different extrinsic factors affects pacing strategy and exercise performance. Only self-paced exercise studies that provided control and intervention group(s), reported trial variance for power output, disclosed the type of feedback received or withheld, and where time-trial power output data could be segmented into start, middle and end sections; were included in the meta-analysis. Studies with similar themes were grouped together to determine the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between control and intervention trials for:
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.