ReviewClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2016
Systemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective.
Review in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06498440 (Comparative Efficacy of NSAID and Steroid-NSAID Combination Following Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Efficacy of NSAID and Steroid-NSAID Combination Following Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: a Phase 4, Single-centre, Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tetracaine Eye Drops as a Preemptive Topical Skin Anesthesia for Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections in Blepharospasm Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Trial
- Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of the Nanodropper Device for Pupillary Dilation and Cycloplegia in Children.Ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- A phase I study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of ocular GLH8NDE in healthy male adults.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Safety and Comfort of an Innovative Drug Delivery Device in Healthy Subjects.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Trial
- Soft drugs: design principles and topical applications.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Nanoformulations for Ocular Drug Delivery in Glaucoma: From Metal-Based Nanoparticles to Advanced Nanocarriers.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- From Fragment Hit to Clinical Candidate: Discovery of Dual H1R/H4R Ligands with Superior Efficacy in Allergic Conjunctivitis.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Liposomal Drug Delivery in Ocular Therapy: Strategies for Enhancing Corneal Penetration and Bioavailability.Cells · 2026Review
- Dexamethasone Eye Drops to Prevent Treatment-Requiring Retinopathy of Prematurity: The DROPROP Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Study of Mechanism Driving Conjunctival Fibrosis Following Glaucoma Filtration Surgery.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Severe metabolic acidosis with renal tubular acidosis features attributed to topical brinzolamide in a patient with stage 3 chronic kidney disease: a case report.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Chloramphenicol Application Onto the Eyelid: Transfersomes for Enhanced Skin Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Eye Drop Development of Anti-VEGF Therapeutics by Ocular Penetrating Carrier to the Posterior Region of the Eye.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Effects of Topical Steroids and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Rats.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Redefining Dry Eye Disease Management: Emerging Pharmacologic and Device-Based Therapies in the Era of Precision Care: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Management of primary congenital glaucoma in the Indian population.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Topical 0.1% Diclofenac Sodium and 0.5% Ketorolac Tromethamine in Dogs.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Effects of a Novel Dexamethasone Hydrogel Drug Delivery System on Cytokine and Mucin Expression in a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Conjunctival Inflammation Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Topical pyridostigmine for ocular myasthenia gravis: a translational hypothesis.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2026Article
- MegaEye: Applying multiple machine learning approaches to identify oral compounds with ocular bioactivity.Artificial intelligence in the life sciences · 2025Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When administering eye drops, even when completely correctly applied, several routes of absorption are possible and excess amounts can sometimes cause an unwanted systemic bioavailability of the drops when not completely absorbed into the eye. Furthermore, the concentration of active ingredients in such medicinal preparations is usually very high, so that despite the correct application of the recommended dose, considerable amounts may be absorbed in an unwanted manner through various routes. Children are subject to a much higher risk of systemic side effects because ocular dosing is not weight adjusted and physiological development (eg, liver status) differs from that of adults. There is a lack of information about pediatric dosing in the current literature. This review summarizes the most important clinically relevant systemic side effects that may occur during ophthalmic eye treatments. In this review, we discuss general pharmacokinetic considerations as well as the advantages, disadvantages, and consequences of administering drugs from some important drug groups to the eye.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.