ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2017
Prevalence of Antiretinal Antibodies in Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy: A Comprehensive Review of 25 Cases.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic changes in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy mimicking non-progressive retinitis pigmentosa: clinical and laboratory characteristics.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Distinct retinal oxygenation patterns in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy assessed by multimodal imaging.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune retinopathy: review of current approaches.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Application of Ophthalmic Electrophysiology in Inflammatory Disorders of Retina and Optic Nerve.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- A systematic review of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy with a focus on attempted treatment modalities.Current ophthalmology reports · 2022Article
- Comparison of clinical characteristics in patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy according to anti-retinal antibody status.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Observational
- Current Techniques to Accurately Measure Anti-retinal Autoantibodies.Expert review of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Detection of serum anti-retinal antibodies in the Chinese patients with presumed autoimmune retinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2019Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) in a Patient with Occult Retinal Dysfunction.Case reports in ophthalmological medicine · 2019Article
- The role of cystoid macular edema as a marker in the progression of non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2018Article
- Are Anti-Retinal Autoantibodies a Cause or a Consequence of Retinal Degeneration in Autoimmune Retinopathies?Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR): a case report of vision improvement after intravitreal injection of Ozurdex.BMC ophthalmology · 2017Article
- A Case of Concomitant Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy and Secondary Nonparaneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy.Case reports in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo perform a comprehensive review and to investigate the presence and role of autoimmune antibodies in 25 cases of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) identified using the classification originally proposed by J. Donald Gass.
designObservational case series.
methodsSetting: Institutional. STUDY POPULATION: Twenty-five patients were identified by characteristic symptoms (abrupt onset of photopsias, followed by large scotomata at or connected to the blind spot), ocular findings (paucity of pigmentary changes with no sign of vitreous inflammation and abnormal electroretinogram in at least 1 eye), and a negative family history for retinitis pigmentosa. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Patients underwent a full comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, fundus retinography, Goldmann kinetic visual field (GVF), and full-field electroretinogram (ffERG). Blood samples were also obtained to verify for the presence of antiretinal antibodies by Western blot analysis. MainOutcome Measures: Clinical presentation, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus abnormalities, visual field defects, ffERG changes, and presence of antiretinal antibodies.
resultsSixteen patients (64%) presented with photopsias, 56% (14/25) with night blindness, and 56% (14/25) with loss of peripheral vision. Sixty-four percent (16/25) of cases were bilateral. All patients demonstrated retinal vascular attenuation, optic nerve head pallor, and mottling of retinal pigment epithelium. The most common visual field changes included enlargement and expansion of the blind spot extending into large pericentral or other types of scotomata (64%). Both scotopic and photopic ffERG values were abnormal and affected to a similar degree in our patients. Nine patients (36%) had a greater than 20% asymmetry in ERG values between the 2 eyes. All patients had antiretinal antibodies on Western blot with an average of 6.6 bands.
conclusionEvidence suggests that AZOOR is a unique form of autoimmune retinopathy and retinal manifestation suggests possible antiretinal antibody leakage from the disc margin with spread of immune products under the retina, resulting in large scotomata that connect to the optic nerve head.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.