ArticleJournal of diabetes and its complications2017
Diabetic foot ulcer severity predicts mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic Foot Ulceration in Dialysis-Dependent End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Outcomes and Mortality Risk.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers with external application of Chinese herbal medicine: An overview of overlapping systematic reviews.International wound journal · 2024Pooled it
- The association between micronutrient levels and diabetic foot ulcer: A systematic review with meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of multidisciplinary teams to reduce major amputations for patients with diabetic foot ulcers.Journal of vascular surgery · 2020Pooled it
- Translational development of ABCB5Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Trial
- The impact of obesity-related anthropometric indices on diabetic foot ulcer and mortality: analysis of a nationally representative sample.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Study of the Relationship Between Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Biofilm-Forming Capacity in Pathogens Causing Chronic Wound Infections.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence of Types and Risk Factors.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Single-cell RNA sequencing in diabetic foot ulcers: pathogenesis, biomarkers, and translational potential.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Review
- The combined impact of chronic kidney disease and ulcer severity on incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes-related foot ulceration.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Electrospinning strategies targeting fibroblast for wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers.APL bioengineering · 2025Review
- Increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with deep and infected diabetes-related foot ulcers.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Microbiology of Diabetic Foot Infections in U.S. Veterans.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Investigation of foot care knowledge and behaviour of older people with type 2 diabetes in Beijing community and analysis of influencing factors.International wound journal · 2025Article
- A novel and alternative treatment method for moderate diabetic foot ulcer: tibial periosteal distraction.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Unravelling the cardio-renal-metabolic-foot connection in people with diabetes-related foot ulceration: a narrative review.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- Foot care behaviours and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- The Efficacy of Diabetic Foot Treatment in a "TOSF" Pattern: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- PCL-gelatin honey scaffolds promoteFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Analysis of Risk Factors for in-hospital Death in Elderly Patients with TEXAS Stage 3 and 4 Diabetic Foot Ulcers after Tibial Transverse Translation: A Case-Control Study.Orthopaedic surgery · 2023Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimDiabetic foot ulcers are associated with an increased risk of death. We evaluated whether ulcer severity at presentation predicts mortality.
methodsPatients from a national, retrospective, cohort of veterans with type 2 diabetes who developed incident diabetic foot ulcers between January 1, 2006 and September 1, 2010, were followed until death or the end of the study period, January 1, 2012. Ulcers were characterized as early stage, osteomyelitis, or gangrene at presentation. Cox proportional hazard regression identified independent predictors of death, controlling for comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and healthcare utilization.
results66,323 veterans were included in the cohort and followed for a mean of 27.7months: 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 80.80%, 69.01% and 28.64%, respectively. Compared to early stage ulcers, gangrene was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.57-1.83, p<0.001). The magnitude of this effect was greater than diagnosed vascular disease, i.e., coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or stroke.
conclusionInitial diabetic foot ulcer severity is a more significant predictor of subsequent mortality than coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or stroke. Unrecognized or under-estimated vascular disease and/or sepsis secondary to gangrene should be explored as possible causal explanations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.