Trial reportThe British journal of nutrition2016
Diets high in resistant starch increase plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide, a gut microbiome metabolite associated with CVD risk.
Trial report in The British journal of nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04160481 (A Randomised, Double-blinded, Cross-over, Placebo- Controlled Pilot Study to Investigate the Effect of Tomato Extract on TMAO in Overweight or Obese Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomised, Double-blinded, Cross-over, Placebo- Controlled Pilot Study to Investigate the Effect of Tomato Extract on TMAO in Overweight or Obese Adults
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association Between Lifestyle Interventions and Trimethylamine N-Oxide: A Systematic-Narrative Hybrid Literature Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Microbial Composition on Postprandial Glycaemia and Lipidaemia: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Metabolic Effects of Resistant Starch Type 2: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of the resistant starch on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in overweight or obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & diabetes · 2019Pooled it
- Influence of different regimens of volumetric therapy on perioperative intestinal flora in the surgical patients with pancreas tumor, a randomized controlled trial study.BMC anesthesiology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Resistant Starch Has No Effect on Appetite and Food Intake in Individuals with Prediabetes.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2020Trial
- Impact of chronic dietary red meat, white meat, or non-meat protein on trimethylamine N-oxide metabolism and renal excretion in healthy men and women.European heart journal · 2019Trial
- A Paleolithic diet lowers resistant starch intake but does not affect serum trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations in healthy women.The British journal of nutrition · 2019Trial
- Metagenomic Insights into the Degradation of Resistant Starch by Human Gut Microbiota.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Trial
- Effect of 12 wk of resistant starch supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2018Trial
- Inulin Supplementation Does Not Reduce Plasma TrimethylamineNutrients · 2018Trial
- [Research progress in mechanisms of dietary resistant starch for regulating glucose and lipid metabolism].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Review
- Trimethylamine-Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Resistant Potato Starch Supplementation Increases the Serum Levels of Choline and Sphingomyelins Without Affecting Trimethylamine Oxide Levels.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Association between a low-carbohydrate diet and macronutrient intake with the gut microbiome, and their interaction with dyslipidemia among Korean adults.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Deleterious Effects of Yoyo Dieting and Resistant Starch on Gastrointestinal Morphology.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Leveraging metabolism for better outcomes in heart failure.Cardiovascular research · 2024Review
- Design and reporting of prebiotic and probiotic clinical trials in the context of diet and the gut microbiome.Nature microbiology · 2024Review
- The Impact of Yoyo Dieting and Resistant Starch on Weight Loss and Gut Microbiome in C57Bl/6 Mice.Nutrients · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a biomarker of CVD risk, is dependent on intestinal microbiota, but little is known of dietary conditions promoting changes in gut microbial communities. Resistant starches (RS) alter the human microbiota. We sought to determine whether diets varying in RS and carbohydrate (CHO) content affect plasma TMAO levels. We also assessed postprandial glucose and insulin responses and plasma lipid changes to diets high and low in RS. In a cross-over trial, fifty-two men and women consumed a 2-week baseline diet (41 percentage of energy (%E) CHO, 40 % fat, 19 % protein), followed by 2-week high- and low-RS diets separated by 2-week washouts. RS diets were assigned at random within the context of higher (51-53 %E) v. lower CHO (39-40 %E) intake. Measurements were obtained in the fasting state and, for glucose and insulin, during a meal test matching the composition of the assigned diet. With lower CHO intake, plasma TMAO, carnitine, betaine and γ-butyrobetaine concentrations were higher after the high- v. low-RS diet (P<0·01 each). These metabolites were not differentially affected by high v. low RS when CHO intake was high. Although the high-RS meal reduced postprandial insulin and glucose responses when CHO intake was low (P<0·01 each), RS did not affect fasting lipids, lipoproteins, glucose or insulin irrespective of dietary CHO content. In conclusion, a lower-CHO diet high in RS was associated with higher plasma TMAO levels. These findings, together with the absence of change in fasting lipids, suggest that short-term high-RS diets do not improve markers of cardiometabolic health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.