ArticleScientific reports2016
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) evolution before and after the vaccination introduction: A large scale epidemiological study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed.
- Isolation and characterization of two porcine circovirus type 2 strains from Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Journal of veterinary science · 2026Article
- Outbred mice as an appropriate model for evaluating the immunogenicity of vaccines against porcine circovirus 2.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Article
- A lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine elicits immunity against porcine circovirus type 2 in mice.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Emerging Challenges and Advances in Porcine Circovirus: A Decade in Review.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Molecular Surveillance and Evolutionary Dynamics of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in China, 2022-2025.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Knowledge gaps in research and control of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections.BMC veterinary research · 2025Review
- Evaluation of PCV2 vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy using ELISpot to detect virus-specific memory B cells.Porcine health management · 2025Article
- Host-driven evolution of PCV2: insights into genetic diversity and adaptation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- An updated phylogeography and population dynamics of porcine circovirus 2 genotypes: are they reaching an equilibrium?Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- D for dominant: porcine circovirus 2d (PCV-2d) prevalence over other genotypes in wild boars and higher viral flows from domestic pigs in Italy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Development of a novel PCV2 and PCV3 vaccine using virus-like vesicles incorporating Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus-containing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Phylogenetic Analysis and Serological Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Indicates Frequent Infection with Various Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- When Everything Becomes Bigger: Big Data for Big Poultry Production.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Matrine combined with Osthole inhibited the PERK apoptosis of splenic lymphocytes in PCV2-infected mice model.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Comparative Efficacy of Chimeric Porcine Circovirus (PCV) Vaccines against Experimental Heterologous PCV2d Challenges.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Porcine Circovirus Type 3: Diagnostics, Genotyping, and Challenges in Vaccine Development.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Review
- The gC1qR Binding Site Mutant PCV2 Is a Potential Vaccine Strain That Does Not Impair Memory CD4Journal of virology · 2022Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since their commercialization, vaccines against Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) have been the cornerstone control strategy. Nevertheless, the periodic emergence of new genotype waves and the recent reports of vaccine failure outbreaks have raised the question if widespread vaccination strategies could have driven viral evolution and affected different genotype fitness. To investigate this issue an in-deep analysis, based on a bioinformatics and biostatistics approach, has been implemented. ORF2 sequences from vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations (i.e. domestic pigs before and after vaccine introduction and wild boars) were considered. The action of selective forces on PCV2 strains has been analyzed and compared among groups. Remarkable differences were found in the selective forces acting on viral populations circulating in different "immune environments". Particularly for PCV2a, a directional selection promoting a change in the viral capsid away from the vaccine specific antigenic determinants has been detected after vaccine introduction. Involved amino acids were previously reported to be part of viral epitopes whose variability is responsible of immune escape. Our findings support a change in PCV2 evolutionary pattern after widespread vaccination introduction and stress once more the compulsoriness of a continuous monitoring of PCV2 epidemiology to promptly act in response to the emergence of possible vaccine-escaping mutants.
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