ArticleClinical & translational immunology2016
A structure-function approach to optimizing TLR4 ligands for human vaccines.
Article in Clinical & translational immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Characterizing TLR4 agonist EmT4™ as an anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine adjuvant.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Ionizable lipid nanoparticles of mRNA vaccines elicit NF-κB and IRF responses through toll-like receptor 4.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Monosaccharide-Based Synthetic TLR4 Agonist Enhances Vaccine Efficacy againstACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Vaccine adjuvants for infectious disease in the clinic.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Review
- Enhancing breadth and durability of humoral immune responses in non-human primates with an adjuvanted group 1 influenza hemagglutinin stem antigen.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Trained immunity: a cutting edge approach for designing novel vaccines against parasitic diseases?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immunization with a self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine displaying EBV gH/gL protects humanized mice against lethal viral challenge.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- An adjuvanted zoster vaccine elicits potent cellular immune responses in mice without QS21.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Synthetic Glycolipids as Molecular Vaccine Adjuvants: Mechanism of Action in Human Cells and In Vivo Activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Optimizing a Multi-Component IntranasalFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Vaccination of aged mice with adjuvanted recombinant influenza nucleoprotein enhances protective immunity.Vaccine · 2020Article
- Allopurinol therapy provides long term clinical improvement, but additional immunotherapy is required for sustained parasite clearance, inVaccine: X · 2020Article
- Vaccines for leishmaniasis and the implications of their development for American tegumentary leishmaniasis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- Better Adjuvants for Better Vaccines: Progress in Adjuvant Delivery Systems, Modifications, and Adjuvant-Antigen Codelivery.Vaccines · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adjuvants are combined with vaccine antigens to enhance and modify immune responses, and have historically been primarily crude, undefined entities. Introducing toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands has led to a new generation of adjuvants, with TLR4 ligands being the most extensively used in human vaccines. The TLR4 crystal structures demonstrate extensive contact with their ligands and provide clues as to how they discriminate a broad array of molecules and activate or attenuate innate, as well as adaptive, responses resulting from these interactions. Leveraging this discerning ability, we made subtle chemical alterations to the structure of a synthetic monophosphoryl lipid-A molecule to produce SLA, a designer TLR4 ligand that had a number of desirable adjuvant effects. The SLA molecule stimulated human TLR4 and induced Th1 biasing cytokines and chemokines. On human cells, the activity of SLA plateaued at lower concentrations than the lipid A comparator, and induced cytokine profiles distinct from other known TLR4 agonists, indicating the potential for superior adjuvant performance. SLA was formulated in an oil-in-water emulsion, producing an adjuvant that elicited potent Th1-biased adaptive responses. This was verified using a recombinant
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.