ArticleMolecular cell2017
Gene Architectures that Minimize Cost of Gene Expression.
Article in Molecular cell, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed.
- A slight mismatch between a gene's codon usage and the cellular tRNA supply is beneficial.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genomic and phenotypic characterization of a human gutFuture microbiology · 2026Article
- Transcription Factor Promiscuity Drives Regulatory Rewiring and Evolvability in Gene Networks in Bacteria.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bacterial gene 5' ends have unusual mutation rates that can mislead tests of selection.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- AI-directed gene fusing prolongs the evolutionary half-life of synthetic gene circuits.Science advances · 2025Article
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- Why AGG is associated with high transgene output: passenger effects and their implications for transgene design.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Concentration-Dependent CsrA Regulation of theACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
- Improving the generalization of protein expression models with mechanistic sequence information.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Restructuring a Complex Genetic Function on Episomal Vectors inACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
- Rewiring native post-transcriptional global regulators to achieve designer, multi-layered genetic circuits.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Specific codons control cellular resources and fitness.Science advances · 2024Article
- Targeting imidazole-glycerol phosphate dehydratase in plants: novel approach for structural and functional studies, and inhibitor blueprinting.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Fit-Seq2.0: An Improved Software for High-Throughput Fitness Measurements Using Pooled Competition Assays.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Article
- Revealing determinants of translation efficiency via whole-gene codon randomization and machine learning.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Optimization of ribosome utilization inPNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Random peptides rich in small and disorder-promoting amino acids are less likely to be harmful.Genome biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The Molecular Mechanisms of Defective Copper Metabolism in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Gene expression burdens cells by consuming resources and energy. While numerous studies have investigated regulation of expression level, little is known about gene design elements that govern expression costs. Here, we ask how cells minimize production costs while maintaining a given protein expression level and whether there are gene architectures that optimize this process. We measured fitness of ∼14,000 E. coli strains, each expressing a reporter gene with a unique 5' architecture. By comparing cost-effective and ineffective architectures, we found that cost per protein molecule could be minimized by lowering transcription levels, regulating translation speeds, and utilizing amino acids that are cheap to synthesize and that are less hydrophobic. We then examined natural E. coli genes and found that highly expressed genes have evolved more forcefully to minimize costs associated with their expression. Our study thus elucidates gene design elements that improve the economy of protein expression in natural and heterologous systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.