Observational studyAmerican journal of preventive medicine2017
Systemic Inflammation in Midlife: Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Perceived Discrimination.
Observational study in American journal of preventive medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Rethinking immune studies: population-level immune variations and the path forward.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating adhesion molecules in rheumatoid arthritis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Vascular depression in Black Americans: A systematic review of the construct and its cognitive, functional, and psychosocial correlates.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2022Pooled it
- Associations of Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers During Pregnancy With Placental Pathology and Placental Gene Expression at Delivery.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Trial
- Article
- Social deprivation, race, and metabolic syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Race differences in the effect of obesity on inflammation among Black and White older adults who quit smoking: a longitudinal analysis of the Health and Retirement study.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2026Article
- Unraveling the impact of oxytocin receptor gene methylation on stress and inflammation in older adults.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Factors Influencing Health Professionals' Attitudes Toward Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals in Turkey: Myths and Prejudice.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2026Article
- Epigenome-wide association study of perceived discrimination in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).Epigenetics · 2025Article
- Genetic Susceptibility to Tuberculosis and the Utility of Polygenic Scores in Population Stratification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Social Determinants of Health and Risk for Long COVID in the U.S. RECOVER-Adult Cohort.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Observational
- Examining links between daily stressor appraisals and C-reactive protein levels in Black and White women: The National Growth and Health Study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- The association of discrimination, inflammation, and coping style on self-rated health among South Asian individuals in the MASALA Study.Ethnicity & health · 2025Article
- Area Deprivation and Clinical Biomarkers of Inflammation in Cancer Survivors of the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Longer-Term Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Infection: Moderation by Race and Socioeconomic Status.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Rilonacept in the Treatment of Recurrent Pericarditis: A Systematic Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Clinical Analysis of Rilonacept in the Treatment of Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes: A Systematic Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Review
- Do inflammation and relational motivation coordinate having better sex? The interplay between C-reactive protein and relational approach motivation on sexual well-being.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study investigates social determinants of systemic inflammation, focusing on race, SES, and perceived discrimination.
methodsData on 884 white and 170 black participants were obtained from the Survey of Midlife in the U.S., a cross-sectional observational study combining survey measures, anthropometry, and biomarker assay. Data, collected in 2004-2009, were analyzed in 2016. Main outcome measures were fasting blood concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, fibrinogen, and E-selectin. For each biomarker, series of multivariate linear regression models were estimated for the pooled sample and separately for blacks and whites. Full models included social determinants; psychological, lifestyle, and health factors; and demographic covariates.
resultsBivariate analyses indicated higher concentrations of all inflammation markers among blacks compared with whites (p<0.001). In fully adjusted models using the pooled sample, racial differences persisted for interleukin 6 (p<0.001) and fibrinogen (p<0.01). For E-selectin and C-reactive protein, racial differences were explained after adjusting for covariates. Education was linked to lower fibrinogen concentration (p<0.05) in the fully adjusted model and C-reactive protein concentration (p<0.01) after adjusting for demographic factors and income. Lifetime perceived discrimination was related to higher concentrations of fibrinogen (p<0.05) in the fully adjusted model, and higher concentrations of E-selectin and interleukin 6 (p<0.05) after adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES) and demographic factors.
conclusionsThis study clarifies the contributions of race, SES, and perceived discrimination to inflammation. It suggests that inflammation-reducing interventions should focus on blacks and individuals facing socioeconomic disadvantages, especially low education.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.