ReviewDrugs2017
Insulin Resistance and Neurodegeneration: Progress Towards the Development of New Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease.
Review in Drugs, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
179 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Diabetes Mellitus and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2021Pooled it
- To Keto or Not to Keto? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Assessing the Effects of Ketogenic Therapy on Alzheimer Disease.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 associated research in Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory trends analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Intranasal Insulin Reduces White Matter Hyperintensity Progression in Association with Improvements in Cognition and CSF Biomarker Profiles in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · on this mapTrial
- Targeting innovative therapeutic approaches to the hallmarks of aging to combat Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Licochalcone a enhances cognitive resilience in APP/PS1 Mice by modulating glucose metabolism, Aβ burden, and neuroinflammation.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Beyond diabetes and obesity: GLP-1 receptor agonists in disrupting the vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction and neuroinflammation.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Insulin Resistance as a Shared Pathophysiological Driver in Neurological Disorders: a Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Insulin Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease: Association with Brain Insulin Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective effects of ROCK inhibition on hippocampal energy metabolism in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- The gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: a comparative perspective.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2026Review
- Increased Risk of Alzheimer Disease-Associated Mortality in Nonobese vs Obese Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A 30-Year National Cohort Study.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Article
- GLP-1 receptor agonists in neurological diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects from metabolism to neuroprotection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Regorafenib modulates glucose metabolism, insulin/GLP-1 signaling, and tau pathology in an STZ-induced model of Alzheimer's disease.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Special Issue: "Molecular Diagnosis and Treatments of Diabetes Mellitus".International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Micro- and Nanoplastics and Functional Nutrients in Human Health: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Cellular Resilience Signaling in Brain Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- SGLT-2 Inhibitors in the Prevention and Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Type 3 Diabetes: Linking Insulin Resistance to Cognitive Decline.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) should be regarded as a degenerative metabolic disease caused by brain insulin resistance and deficiency, and overlapping with the molecular, biochemical, pathophysiological, and metabolic dysfunctions in diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Although most of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches over the past several decades have focused on amyloid-beta (Aβ42) and aberrantly phosphorylated tau, which could be caused by consequences of brain insulin resistance, the broader array of pathologies including white matter atrophy with loss of myelinated fibrils and leukoaraiosis, non-Aβ42 microvascular disease, dysregulated lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, astrocytic gliosis, neuro-inflammation, and loss of synapses vis-à-vis growth of dystrophic neurites, is not readily accounted for by Aβ42 accumulations, but could be explained by dysregulated insulin/IGF-1 signaling with attendant impairments in signal transduction and gene expression. This review covers the diverse range of brain abnormalities in AD and discusses how insulins, incretins, and insulin sensitizers could be utilized to treat at different stages of neurodegeneration.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.