ArticlePlant physiology2017
EXTRA-LARGE G PROTEINs Interact with E3 Ligases PUB4 and PUB2 and Function in Cytokinin and Developmental Processes.
Article in Plant physiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and characterization of U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase genes (ChPUBs) in Cardamine hupingshanensis under abiotic stress.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- A two-stage screening approach integrated with GWAS for rare phenotypes such as spontaneous haploid genome doubling in maize.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Extra-large G proteins and their roles in plant development and responses to environmental stresses.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of the U-Box Gene Family in Cucumber (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The ubiquitin ligase VviPUB19 negatively regulates grape cold tolerance by affecting the stability of ICEs and CBFs.Horticulture research · 2025Article
- Review
- An atypical heterotrimeric Gα and its interactome suggest an extra-large role in overcoming abiotic and biotic stress.Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2023Review
- Extra-large G proteins have extra-large effects on agronomic traits and stress tolerance in maize and rice.Trends in plant science · 2023Review
- Kinetin induces microtubular breakdown, cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells.Protoplasma · 2023Article
- A genetic screen for dominant chloroplast reactive oxygen species signaling mutants reveals life stage-specific singlet oxygen signaling networks.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- The activity of the stress modulated Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligases PUB46 and PUB48 is partially redundant.Plant signaling & behavior · 2022Article
- The Arabidopsis E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB4 regulates BIK1 and is targeted by a bacterial type-III effector.The EMBO journal · 2022Article
- Functional Characterization of Ubiquitination Genes in the Interaction of Soybean-International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Role of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Chloroplast Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- EXTRA LARGE G-PROTEIN2 mediates cell death and hyperimmunity in the chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1-4 mutant.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Genomic and GWAS analyses demonstrate phylogenomic relationships of Gossypium barbadense in China and selection for fibre length, lint percentage and Fusarium wilt resistance.Plant biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- How Many Faces Does the Plant U-Box E3 Ligase Have?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Verticillium dahliae effector VDAL protects MYB6 from degradation by interacting with PUB25 and PUB26 E3 ligases to enhance Verticillium wilt resistance.The Plant cell · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits are conserved signal transduction molecules in animals and plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), there are three Gα-like proteins named EXTRA-LARGE G PROTEINs (XLGs) in addition to the canonical Gα protein GPA1. XLGs have been reported to be implicated in multiple pathways, although the underlying mechanisms of their action remain elusive. Here, we report that all three XLGs interact with two closely related plant U-box (PUB) E3 ligases, PUB2 and PUB4. Three XLGs are predominantly localized at the plasma membrane, whereas XLG2 and XLG3 also show nuclear localization. The interactions between PUB2/4 and XLGs suggest that they might function in the same pathways. Indeed, we found that a newly obtained xlg1/2/3 triple knockout mutant, the pub4 mutant, and the pub2/4 double mutant all exhibited defects in cytokinin responses, stamen development, tapetum development, and male fertility. However, the xlg single mutants and the pub2 mutant did not exhibit an obvious defect in these processes, which suggests functional redundancy among the three XLGs and between PUB2 and PUB4. Overexpressing ARR10 to enhance the cytokinin response in pub4 or in the xlg1/2/3 triple mutant partially restored several phenotypes caused by the pub4 and xlg1/2/3 mutations. Our findings reveal that the XLGs and PUB2/4 are components in the complex cytokinin signaling networks regulating many developmental and physiological processes.
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