ArticleParasites & vectors2016
Urogenital schistosomiasis transmission on Unguja Island, Zanzibar: characterisation of persistent hot-spots.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence and correlations of schistosomiasis mansoni and schistosomiasis haematobium among humans and intermediate snail hosts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Pooled it
- Behaviour change interventions for the control and elimination of schistosomiasis: A systematic review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Economic evaluations of human schistosomiasis interventions: a systematic review and identification of associated research needs.Wellcome open research · 2020Pooled it
- Differential impact of mass and targeted praziquantel delivery on schistosomiasis control in school-aged children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of behavioral interventions on schistosomiasis-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices of schoolchildren in Pemba, Tanzania: A 4-year repeated cross-sectional study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Trial
- Potential drivers for schistosomiasis persistence: Population genetic analyses from a cluster-randomized urogenital schistosomiasis elimination trial across the Zanzibar islands.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Trial
- Modeling Approaches to Predicting Persistent Hotspots in SCORE Studies for Gaining Control of Schistosomiasis Mansoni in Kenya and Tanzania.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Evaluation of integrated interventions layered on mass drug administration for urogenital schistosomiasis elimination: a cluster-randomised trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2019Trial
- A 5-Year intervention study on elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: Parasitological results of annual cross-sectional surveys.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Evaluation of surveillance-response interventions for Schistosoma haematobium elimination on Pemba Island, Tanzania: A 4-year intervention study with repeated cross-sectional surveys.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Resistance evaluation and surveillance initiative for schistosomiasis treatment: study protocol for the RESIST project.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- An ethnographic study on the socio-cultural factors that influence adherence to mass drug administration among schoolchildren in schistosomiasis hotspots along lake albert, Hoima District, Uganda.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Identifying hotspots of S. haematobium infection following praziquantel treatment during multiple annual mass drug administration campaigns in Zimbabwe.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The research contribution of the Schistosomiasis Collection at the Natural History Museum (SCAN): highlights, challenges and future directions.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Review
- Impact of chemical snail control on intermediate host snail populations for urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in Pemba, Tanzania: findings of a 3-year intervention study.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Urogenital schistosomiasis among school children in northwestern Tanzania: Prevalence, intensity of infection, associated factors, and pattern of urinary tract morbidities.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2024Article
- Schistosoma transmission: scaling-up competence from hosts to ecosystems.Trends in parasitology · 2023Review
- Implications for selecting persistent hot spots of schistosomiasis from community- and school-based surveys in Blue Nile, North Kordofan, and Sennar States, Sudan.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2023Article
- Programmatic Implications for Schistosomiasis Elimination Based on Community-Based Survey in the Blue Nile, North Kordofan, and Sennar States, Sudan.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Modelling the historical distribution of schistosomiasis-transmitting snails in South Africa using ecological niche models.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundElimination of urogenital schistosomiasis transmission is a priority for the Zanzibar Ministry of Health. Preventative chemotherapy together with additional control interventions have successfully alleviated much of the disease burden. However, a persistently high Schistosoma haematobium prevalence is found in certain areas. Our aim was to characterise and evaluate these persistent "hot-spots" of transmission and reinfection in comparison with low-prevalence areas, to support the intervention planning for schistosomiasis elimination in Zanzibar.
methodsPrevalences of S. haematobium were annually determined by a single urine filtration in schoolchildren from 45 administrative areas (shehias) in Unguja in 2012, 2013 and 2014. Coverage data for biannual treatment with praziquantel were available from ministerial databases and internal surveys. Among the 45 shehias, five hot-spot (≥ 15 % prevalence) and two low-prevalence (≤ 5 %) shehias were identified and surveyed in mid-2014. Human-water contact sites (HWCSs) and the presence of S. haematobium-infected and uninfected Bulinus globosus, as well as safe water sources (SWSs) and their reliability in terms of water availability were determined and mapped.
resultsWe found no major difference in the treatment coverage between persistent hot-spot and low-prevalence shehias. On average, there were considerably more HWCSs containing B. globosus in hot-spot than in low-prevalence shehias (n = 8 vs n = 2) and also more HWCSs containing infected B. globosus (n = 2 vs n = 0). There was no striking difference in the average abundance of SWSs in hot-spot and low-prevalence shehias (n = 45 vs n = 38) and also no difference when considering SWSs with a constant water supply (average: 62 % vs 62 %). The average number of taps with a constant water supply, however, was lower in hot-spot shehias (n = 7 vs n = 14). Average distances from schools to the nearest HWCS were considerably shorter in hot-spot shehias (n = 229 m vs n = 722 m).
conclusionThe number of HWCSs, their infestation with B. globosus and their distance to schools seem to play a major role for a persistently high S. haematobium prevalence in children. In addition to treatment, increasing access to reliably working taps, targeted snail control at HWCSs near schools and enhanced behaviour change measures are needed to reduce prevalences in hot-spot areas and to finally reach elimination.
trial registrationISRCTN48837681 .
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