ArticleCell2016
Functional Segregation of Overlapping Genes in HIV.
Article in Cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Genome-wide comparative analysis reveals distinct evolutionary patterns of overlapping genes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Heredity · 2026Article
- Scanning the horizon: deep mutational scanning approaches in virology.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Article
- The HIV-1 nuclear export complex reveals the role of RNA in CRM1 cargo recognition.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- Probing the functional constraints of influenza A virus NEP by deep mutational scanning.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Enhanced NF-κB activation via HIV-1 Tat-TRAF6 cross-talk.Science advances · 2024Article
- ProteinGym: Large-Scale Benchmarks for Protein Design and Fitness Prediction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- ProteinNPT: Improving Protein Property Prediction and Design with Non-Parametric Transformers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Ensemble Learning with Supervised Methods Based on Large-Scale Protein Language Models for Protein Mutation Effects Prediction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Rev-Rev Response Element Activity Selection Bias at the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission Bottleneck.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- A CRISPR-Cas Cure for HIV/AIDS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- HIV-1 Rev-RRE functional activity in primary isolates is highly dependent on minimal context-dependent changes in Rev.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Overlapping genes in natural and engineered genomes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2022Review
- Gene Overlapping as a Modulator ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Biological factors in the synthetic construction of overlapping genes.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Predominance of positive epistasis among drug resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 protease.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- Premature Stop Codon at Residue 101 within HIV-1 Rev Does Not Influence Viral Replication of Clade BC but Severely Reduces Viral Fitness of Clade B.Virologica Sinica · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Overlapping genes pose an evolutionary dilemma as one DNA sequence evolves under the selection pressures of multiple proteins. Here, we perform systematic statistical and mutational analyses of the overlapping HIV-1 genes tat and rev and engineer exhaustive libraries of non-overlapped viruses to perform deep mutational scanning of each gene independently. We find a "segregated" organization in which overlapped sites encode functional residues of one gene or the other, but never both. Furthermore, this organization eliminates unfit genotypes, providing a fitness advantage to the population. Our comprehensive analysis reveals the extraordinary manner in which HIV minimizes the constraint of overlapping genes and repurposes that constraint to its own advantage. Thus, overlaps are not just consequences of evolutionary constraints, but rather can provide population fitness advantages.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.