Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27984591›Full record

ArticlePLoS computational biology2016

The Multilayer Connectome of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Barry Bentley, Robyn Branicky, Christopher L Barnes, Yee Lian Chew, Eviatar Yemini, Edward T Bullmore, Petra E Vértes, William R Schafer

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS computational biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed
17.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 299 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  6. The Controllability ofBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  7. The dopaminergic system ofRoyal Society open science · 2025
    Review
  8. Bridging the gap between the connectome and whole-brain activity inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Journal of biosciences · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Barry BentleyNeurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4360-5902
Robyn BranickyNeurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Christopher L BarnesNeurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Yee Lian ChewNeurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-6078-9312
Eviatar YeminiDepartment of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-1977-0761
Edward T BullmoreDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge United Kingdom.
Petra E VértesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge United Kingdom.
William R SchaferNeurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology · GBColumbia University · USGlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom) · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GB

Funding

Hormones: Molecular Mechanism of Action and FunctionsT32DK007328 · NIDDK · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI KOUSTENI, STAVROULA · 1986 to 2025
$7.8M
Translational Neuroscience Training Grant.T32MH015174 · NIMH · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI DENNY, CHRISTINE ANN · 1985 to 2020
$4.0M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMedical Research Council MC-A022-5PB91Medical Research Council MC_U105185857Medical Research Council MR/K020706/1NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007328NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH015174Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust WT103784MA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Connectomics has focused primarily on the mapping of synaptic links in the brain; yet it is well established that extrasynaptic volume transmission, especially via monoamines and neuropeptides, is also critical to brain function and occurs primarily outside the synaptic connectome. We have mapped the putative monoamine connections, as well as a subset of neuropeptide connections, in C. elegans based on new and published gene expression data. The monoamine and neuropeptide networks exhibit distinct topological properties, with the monoamine network displaying a highly disassortative star-like structure with a rich-club of interconnected broadcasting hubs, and the neuropeptide network showing a more recurrent, highly clustered topology. Despite the low degree of overlap between the extrasynaptic (or wireless) and synaptic (or wired) connectomes, we find highly significant multilink motifs of interaction, pinpointing locations in the network where aminergic and neuropeptide signalling modulate synaptic activity. Thus, the C. elegans connectome can be mapped as a multiplex network with synaptic, gap junction, and neuromodulator layers representing alternative modes of interaction between neurons. This provides a new topological plan for understanding how aminergic and peptidergic modulation of behaviour is achieved by specific motifs and loci of integration between hard-wired synaptic or junctional circuits and extrasynaptic signals wirelessly broadcast from a small number of modulatory neurons.

Indexed as

ConnectomeAnimalsBiogenic MonoaminesCaenorhabditis elegansComputational BiologySignal TransductionBiogenic Monoamines

Identifiers

PMID27984591
PMCPMC5215746
OpenAlexW2514803758

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.