ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2017
Brief Report: The Relationship Between Injection Drug Use Risk Behaviors and Markers of Immune Activation.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- DNA methylation signatures of illicit drug injection and hepatitis C are associated with HIV frailty.Nature communications · 2017Pooled it
- Psychosocial correlates of awareness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among persons who inject drugs in Northeast Georgia.AIDS care · 2026Article
- Case Report: Early Valvular Repair of Rothia mucilaginosa Endocarditis with Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage from Septic Emboli.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Factors mediating and associated with immunological response in women living with HIV in Sweden: A nationwide register-based study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Adverse childhood experiences, resilience, and syringe services program attendance among persons who inject drugs in Northeast Georgia, USA: A mediation analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- HIV-1 latency reversal agent boosting is not limited by opioid use.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Relationships Among COVID-19-Related Service Uptake, HIV Status, Drug Use, and COVID-19 Antibody Status Among HIV Testing Intervention Participants in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- HIV-1 latency reversal agent boosting is not limited by opioid use.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Injecting drug use and hepatitis C virus infection independently increase biomarkers of inflammatory disease risk which are incompletely restored by curative direct-acting antiviral therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Employing Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) to recruit people who inject drugs (PWID) and other hard-to-reach populations during COVID-19: Lessons learned.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Where to Next? Research Directions after the First Hepatitis C Vaccine Efficacy Trial.Viruses · 2021Review
- Contribution of Behavioral Health Factors to Non-AIDS-Related Comorbidities: an Updated Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Influence of Injection Drug Use-Related HIV Acquisition on CD4 Response to First Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen Among Virally Suppressed Individuals.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
High levels of immune activation are reported for people who inject drugs. Studies of the relationship between injection behaviors and immune activation have yielded mixed results, in part due to lack of control for hepatitis C virus in analyses. This study, of 48 HIV-seronegative people who inject drugs, examines this relationship controlling for hepatitis C virus viremia. Frequency of injection was positively related to markers of immune activation (soluble CD14, %CD8CD38HLADR T cells), as was duration of injection (high-specificity C-reactive protein and D-dimer). Sharing injection equipment was not related to markers studied. Findings suggest that efforts to encourage injection cessation or reduction in frequency can have positive health benefits through reducing immune activation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.