ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2016
The HK2 Dependent "Warburg Effect" and Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Cancer: Targets for Effective Therapy with 3-Bromopyruvate.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between glycolysis markers and prognosis of liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic value of glycolysis markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Aging · 2021Pooled it
- ATF4: Orchestrating Cellular Stress Adaptation, Metabolism, and Immune Regulation in Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Investigating the In Vitro Mitochondria-Mediated Anticancer Activity of the Plant Metabolite Ursolic Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Advances in mitochondrial-targeted colorectal cancer therapy: Mechanistic insights and clinical translation.iScience · 2026Review
- Targeting Glycolytic Metabolism in Cancer Therapy: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives.Cells · 2026Review
- ETS Variant Transcription Factor 6 Promotes Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming in HCC.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Potential roles of plant metabolites and Traditional Chinese Medicine formulas in regulating glycolysis-OXPHOS plasticity in gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a critical appraisal of the evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Rewiring macrophage immunometabolism in gouty arthritis: from metabolic checkpoints to intelligent nano-delivery.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Advances in Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Regulatory Mechanisms in Lung Cancer.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Electroacupuncture and Moxibustion Regulate Aerobic Glycolysis and Alleviate Tumor Progression in Mice with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- The Warburg Effect and Aerobic Glycolysis in Tumors.Cancer treatment and research · 2026Review
- hsa_circ_0135681 functions as a novel tumor-suppressive circular RNA regulating Glycolysis and EMT to attenuate cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Urea Transporters in Cancer: Emerging Roles and Their Clinical Implications.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The Role of HK2 in Tumorigenesis and Development: Potential for Targeted Therapy with Natural Products.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms of immune evasion and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- PFKL Inhibition by DT-13: A Novel Approach to Combat Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- Mitochondria-targeted strategies in tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Simultaneous assessment of NAD(P)H and flavins with multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy at a single excitation wavelength of 750 nm.Journal of biomedical optics · 2024Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the metabolism of cancer cells, especially with respect to the "Warburg" and "Crabtree" effects. This work also summarizes two key discoveries, one of which relates to hexokinase-2 (HK2), a major player in both the "Warburg effect" and cancer cell immortalization. The second discovery relates to the finding that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, derive as much as 60% of their ATP from glycolysis via the "Warburg effect", and the remaining 40% is derived from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Also described are selected anticancer agents which generally act as strong energy blockers inside cancer cells. Among them, much attention has focused on 3-bromopyruvate (3BP). This small alkylating compound targets both the "Warburg effect", i.e., elevated glycolysis even in the presence oxygen, as well as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells. Normal cells remain unharmed. 3BP rapidly kills cancer cells growing in tissue culture, eradicates tumors in animals, and prevents metastasis. In addition, properly formulated 3BP shows promise also as an effective anti-liver cancer agent in humans and is effective also toward cancers known as "multiple myeloma". Finally, 3BP has been shown to significantly extend the life of a human patient for which no other options were available. Thus, it can be stated that 3BP is a very promising new anti-cancer agent in the process of undergoing clinical development.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.