ArticleRevista de saude publica2016
Free access to medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases in Brazil.
Article in Revista de saude publica, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Access to Essential Medicines in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators.International journal of public health · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring factors affecting access to non-communicable disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- [Financial sacrifice and purchasing capacity for medicines in primary care: evidence from a municipality in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Article
- Prices paid for primary health care medicines by Brazilian municipalities.Revista de saude publica · 2025Article
- Access to medicines, the Unified Health System, and intersectional injustices.Revista de saude publica · 2024Article
- Multimorbidity patterns: obesity as the main modifiable risk factor in adult women in Southern Brazil.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Health care professionals' perceptions about atrial fibrillation care in the Brazilian public primary care system: a mixed-methods study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
- Performance of a pharmaceutical services regionalization strategy policy in Minas Gerais, Brazil: Pre-post analysis from ERAF project.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Effects of the Full Coverage Policy of Essential Medicines on Inequality in Medication Adherence: A Longitudinal Study in Taizhou, China.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Factors associated with the availability and affordability of essential cardiovascular disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Free access to medicines among older adults in primary care: a cross-sectional study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2020Article
- The Effect of the Full Coverage of Essential Medicines Policy on Utilization and Accessibility of Primary Healthcare Service for Rural Seniors: A Time Series Study in Qidong, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Management of COPD within the Brazilian Unified Health Care System in the state of Bahia: an analysis of real-life medication use patterns.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2019Article
- The Physical Exercise as a Strategy of Reduce Costs with Medicine for Aged.International journal of preventive medicine · 2019Article
- The Brazilian health system at crossroads: progress, crisis and resilience.BMJ global health · 2018Review
- Profile of access and use of medicines in the Brazilian population - contributions and challenges of PNAUM - Household Survey.Revista de saude publica · 2016Article
- National health surveys are too important to depend on the mood of politics.Revista de saude publica · 2016Article
- Use of medicines in São Paulo, Brazil, and State Health Care Coverage, 2003 and 2015.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectiveTo analyze the free access to medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases in the Brazilian population, according to demographic and socioeconomic factors. We also analyzed the most used pharmacological groups, according to funding source: free-of-charge or out-of-pocket paid.
methodsAnalysis of data from the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM - National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), a population-based household survey, of cross-sectional design, based on probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population. We analyzed as outcome the prevalence of free access (free-of-charge) to all medicines for treatment of the reported chronic diseases, in the last 30 days. We studied the following independent variables: sex, age group, education in complete years of school, economic class, health plan, and geographical region of residence. We estimated the prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and applied the Pearson's Chi-squared test to assess the differences between the groups, considering a 5% significance level.
resultsAbout half of adults and older adults who have had full access to the treatment of chronic diseases in Brazil obtained all needed medicines for free (47.5%; 95%CI 45.1-50.0). The prevalences of free access were higher among men (51.4%; 95%CI 48.1-54.8), age group of 40-59 years (51.1%; 95%CI 48.1-54.2), and in the poorest social classes (53.9%; 95%CI 50.2-57.7). The majority of medicines that act on the cardiovascular system, such as diuretics (C03) (78.0%; 95%CI 75.2-80.5), beta-blockers (C07) (62.7%; 95%CI 59.4-65.8), and the agents that work in the renin-angiotensin system (C09) (73.4%; 95%CI 70.8-75.8), were obtained for free. Medicines that act on the respiratory system, such as agents against obstructive airway diseases (R03) (60.0%; 95%CI 52.7-66.9) were mostly paid with own resources.
conclusionsFree access to medicines for treatment of chronic diseases occurs to a considerable portion of the Brazilian population, especially for the poorest ones, indicating decreased socioeconomic inequalities, but with differences between regions and between some classes of medicines. OBJETIVO: Analisar o acesso gratuito ao tratamento medicamentoso para doenças crônicas na população brasileira, segundo fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos. Analisaram-se também os grupos farmacológicos mais utilizados, segundo fonte de financiamento: gratuito ou pago do próprio bolso. MÉTODOS: Análise de dados oriundos da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM), inquérito domiciliar de base populacional, de delineamento transversal, baseado em amostra probabilística da população brasileira. O desfecho analisado foi a prevalência de acesso gratuito (sem pagamento) a todos os medicamentos para tratamento das doenças crônicas referidas, nos últimos 30 dias. As variáveis independentes investigadas foram: sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade em anos completos de estudo, classe econômica, plano de saúde e região geográfica de residência. Foram estimadas as prevalências e calculados intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%) e aplicado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson para avaliação das diferenças entre os grupos, considerando nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Cerca de metade dos adultos e idosos que tiveram acesso total ao tratamento de doenças crônicas no Brasil obtiveram todos os medicamentos que necessitavam gratuitamente (47,5%; IC95% 45,1-50,0). As prevalências de acesso gratuito foram maiores entre os homens (51,4%; IC95% 48,1-54,8), na faixa etária de 40-59 anos (51,1%; IC95% 48,1-54,2) e nas classes sociais mais pobres (53,9%; IC95% 50,2-57,7). Grande parte dos medicamentos que atuam no sistema cardiovascular, como os diuréticos (C03) (78,0%; IC95% 75,2-80,5), betabloqueadores (C07) (62,7%; IC95% 59,4-65,8) e os agentes que atuam no sistema renina-angiotensina (C09) (73,4%; IC95% 70,8-75,8) foram obtidos de forma gratuita. Os medicamentos que atuam no sistema respiratório como os agentes contra doenças obstrutivas das vias aéreas (R03) (60,0%; IC95% 52,7-66,9) foram na sua maioria pagos do próprio bolso. CONCLUSÕES: O acesso gratuito aos medicamentos para tratamento das doenças crônicas ocorre para uma considerável parcela da população brasileira, principalmente para os mais pobres, indicando diminuição das desigualdades socioeconômicas, mas com diferenças regionais e entre algumas classes de medicamentos.
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