SynthesisBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2017
Lesbian and bisexual women's likelihood of becoming pregnant: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Sexual Minority Women's Experiences of Health Care in the UK.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Lesbian and bisexual women's gynaecological conditions: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2017Pooled it
- Lesbian and bisexual women's likelihood of becoming pregnant: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2017Pooled it
- Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on physical health conditions in lesbian- and bisexual-identified women compared with heterosexual-identified women.Women's health (London, England)Pooled it
- Structural Minority Stress Predicts Suicidality, Substance Use, and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Sexual Minority Adolescents.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2026Article
- Covariate adjustment in LGBTQ+ health disparities research: aligning methods with assumptions.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Experiences of sexually and gender-diverse women with community-based health promotion services in Canada.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Sexuality and Gender Diversity Among Adolescents in Australia, 2019-2021.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Differences in medically assisted reproduction use by sexual identity and partnership: a prospective cohort of cisgender women.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Holistic Sexual-Reproductive Healthcare Services and Needs for Queer Individuals: Healthcare Providers' Perspectives.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- What Are the Economic Arguments for Mandating LGBT+ Health Training for Healthcare Providers? An Economic Evaluation of the Impacts of LGBT+ Health Training on Cervical Screening.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Family building and pregnancy experiences of cisgender sexual minority women.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- Supportive Housing for Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals with Criminal Justice Histories: Challenges and Opportunities Identified by Providers and Clients.Housing policy debate · 2024Article
- The International Technical and Programmatic Guidance on Out-of-School Comprehensive Sexuality Education - an evidence-informed approach for non-formal, out-of-school programmes reaching young people from left-behind populations.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2023Article
- Article
- LGBTQ+ individuals and pregnancy outcomes: A commentary.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2022Article
- The Direct Reproductive Cost of Same-Sex Attraction: Evidence from Two Nationally Representative U.S. Samples.Archives of sexual behavior · 2022Article
- Live birth, cumulative live birth and perinatal outcome following assisted reproductive treatments using donor sperm in single women vs. women in lesbian couples: a prospective controlled cohort study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Article
- Femininity Concerns and Feelings About Menstruation Cessation Among Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Women: Implications for Menopause.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew data exist regarding pregnancy in lesbian and bisexual (LB) women.
objectivesTo determine the likelihood of LB women becoming pregnant, naturally or assisted, in comparison with heterosexual women SEARCH STRATEGY: Systematic review of papers published 1 January 2000 to 23 June 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies contained details of pregnancy rates among LB women compared with heterosexual women. No restriction on study design. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Inclusion decisions, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted in duplicate. Meta-analyses were carried out, with subgroups as appropriate. MAIN
resultsOf 6859 papers identified, 104 full-text articles were requested, 30 papers (28 studies) were included. The odds ratio (OR) of ever being pregnant was 0.19 (95% CI 0.18-0.21) in lesbian women and 1.22 (95% CI 1.15-1.29) in bisexual women compared with heterosexual women. In the general population, the odds ratio for pregnancy was nine-fold lower among lesbian women and over two-fold lower among bisexual women (0.12 [95% CI 0.12-0.13] and 0.50 [95% CI 0.45-0.55], respectively). Odds ratios for pregnancy were higher for both LB adolescents (1.37 [95% CI 1.18-1.59] and 1.98 [95% CI 1.85, 2.13], respectively). There were inconsistent results regarding abortion rates. Lower rates of previous pregnancies were found in lesbian women undergoing artificial insemination (OR 0.17 [95% CI 0.11-0.26]) but there were higher assisted reproduction success rates compared with heterosexual women (OR 1.56 [95% CI 1.24-1.96]).
conclusionsHeterosexuality must not be assumed in adolescents, as LB adolescents are at greater risk of unwanted pregnancies and terminations. Clinicians should provide appropriate information to all women, without assumptions about LB patients' desire for, or rejection of, fertility and childbearing. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Review of likelihood of LB women becoming pregnant: LB teenagers at greater risk of unwanted pregnancies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.