ArticleInternational journal of biometeorology2018
Climate change, heat, and mortality in the tropical urban area of San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Article in International journal of biometeorology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of short-term exposure to extreme temperatures on diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Mortality risk and burden associated with non-optimum temperatures in Puerto Rico.Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site] · 2025Article
- The effect of non-optimal ambient temperature on daily mortality in Colombia 2010-2019.Air quality, atmosphere, & health · 2025Article
- Heat Risk Perception and Vulnerability in Puerto Rico: Insights for Climate Adaptation in the Caribbean.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Temperature and carotid intima-medial thickness: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Effect of Temperature Variation on the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
- Ambient heat and diabetes hospitalizations: Does the timing of heat exposure matter?The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- How Hurricanes Irma and Maria affected population dynamics and nutrient content ofJournal of urban ecology · 2024Article
- Heat stress in the Caribbean: Climatology, drivers, and trends of human biometeorology indices.International journal of climatology : a journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · 2023Article
- Association between extreme ambient heat exposure and diabetes-related hospital admissions and emergency department visits: A systematic review.Hygiene and environmental health advances · 2022Article
- Racial Disparities in Climate Change-Related Health Effects in the United States.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Climate Change, Environmental Disasters, and Health Inequities: The Underlying Role of Structural Inequalities.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Environmental Stressors Suffered by Women with Gynecological Cancers in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and María in Puerto Rico.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Building resilience to mosquito-borne diseases in the Caribbean.PLoS biology · 2020Article
- Diabetes and climate change.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2020Article
- Short-Term Associations of Fine Particulate Matter and Synoptic Weather Types with Cardiovascular Mortality: An Ecological Time-Series Study in Shanghai, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Observational
- Built environment for physical activity-An urban barometer, surveillance, and monitoring.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2020Review
- Association of Extreme Heat Events With Hospital Admission or Mortality Among Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- A heat vulnerability index to improve urban public health management in San Juan, Puerto Rico.International journal of biometeorology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extreme heat episodes are becoming more common worldwide, including in tropical areas of Australia, India, and Puerto Rico. Higher frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme heat episodes are triggering public health issues in most mid-latitude and continental cities. With urbanization, land use and land cover have affected local climate directly and indirectly encouraging the Urban Heat Island effect with potential impacts on heat-related morbidity and mortality among urban populations. However, this association is not completely understood in tropical islands such as Puerto Rico. The present study examines the effects of heat in two municipalities (San Juan and Bayamón) within the San Juan metropolitan area on overall and cause-specific mortality among the population between 2009 and 2013. The number of daily deaths attributed to selected causes (cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, chronic lower respiratory disease, pneumonia, and kidney disease) coded and classified according to the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases was analyzed. The relations between elevated air surface temperatures on cause-specific mortality were modeled. Separate Poisson regression models were fitted to explain the total number of deaths as a function of daily maximum and minimum temperatures, while adjusting for seasonal patterns. Results show a significant increase in the effect of high temperatures on mortality, during the summers of 2012 and 2013. Stroke (relative risk = 16.80, 95% CI 6.81-41.4) and cardiovascular diseases (relative risk = 16.63, 95% CI 10.47-26.42) were the primary causes of death most associated with elevated summer temperatures. Better understanding of how these heat events affect the health of the population will provide a useful tool for decision makers to address and mitigate the effects of the increasing temperatures on public health. The enhanced temperature forecast may be a crucial component in decision making during the National Weather Service Heat Watches, Advisories, and Warning process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.