ArticleJournal of infectious pulmonary diseases2016
Lethal Synergism between Influenza and
Article in Journal of infectious pulmonary diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Respiratory Microbiomes in Influenza Versus Other Respiratory Infections: Systematic Review and Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Semi-purified Antimicrobial Proteins from Oyster Hemolymph Inhibit Pneumococcal Infection.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Streptococcus pyogenes Pneumonia: A Rare and Severe Presentation in a Patient With Asthma.Cureus · 2023Article
- Necrotizing Pneumonia in Children: Early Recognition and Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Polymicrobial Infections in the Immunocompromised Host: The COVID-19 Realm and Beyond.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Contribution of Viral Proteins to the Synergy of Influenza and Bacterial Co-Infection.Viruses · 2022Review
- [Flu vaccination and value-based health care: operational solutions to safeguard public health].Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Secondary infection withFEMS microbes · 2022Article
- Bacterial factors required for Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection with influenza A virus.Journal of biomedical science · 2021Article
- Dynamic Pneumococcal Genetic Adaptations Support Bacterial Growth and Inflammation during Coinfection with Influenza.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae binds to host GAPDH on dying lung epithelial cells worsening secondary infection following influenza.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Pneumococcal carriage in children with COVID-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Pulmonary insults exacerbate susceptibility to oral Listeria monocytogenes infection through the production of IL-10 by NK cells.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Exploration of Bacterial Bottlenecks and Streptococcus pneumoniae Pathogenesis by CRISPRi-Seq.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- Detection of Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens Identified by Molecular Methods in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients and Its Impact on Mortality and Unfavorable Outcomes.Infection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 22F infection in respiratory syncytial virus infected neonatal lambs enhances morbidity.PloS one · 2021Article
- A Retrospective Study of Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 11 Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia at a Single Center.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
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- Influenza and Bacterial Coinfection in Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Admitted to Conventional Wards: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Outcomes.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The devastating synergism of bacterial pneumonia with influenza viral infections left its mark on the world over the last century. Although the details of pathogenesis remain unclear, the synergism is related to a variety of factors including pulmonary epithelial barrier damage which exposes receptors that influence bacterial adherence and the triggering of an exaggerated innate immune response and cytokine storm, which further acts to worsen the injury. Several therapeutics and combination therapies of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories including corticosteroids and toll-like receptor modifiers, and anti-virals are being discussed. This mini review summarizes recent developments in unearthing the pathogenesis of the lethal synergism of pneumococcal co-infection following influenza, as well as addresses potential therapeutic options and combinations of therapies currently being evaluated.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.