ArticlePreventive medicine reports2017
Effectiveness of vaccination and wearing masks on seasonal influenza in Matsumoto City, Japan, in the 2014/2015 season: An observational study among all elementary schoolchildren.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04337541 (Reduction in COVID-19 Infection Using Surgical Facial Masks Outside the Healthcare System), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Reduction in COVID-19 Infection Using Surgical Facial Masks Outside the Healthcare System
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and practice of facemask use in general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Face Mask Use in the Community for Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Surgical Face Masks in Reducing Acute Respiratory Infections in Non-Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Undergoing Immunosuppressive Therapy.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2018Trial
- The effect of activity and face masks on exhaled particles in children.Pediatric investigation · 2023Article
- Behavioral changes of preventive activities of influenza among children in satellite cities of a metropolitan area of Tokyo, Japan, by the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Rate of diagnosed seasonal influenza in children with influenza-like illness: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Children wearing face masks to prevent communicable diseases: scoping review.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2022Article
- Model-based assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transmission dynamics within partially vaccinated K-12 school populations.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Within and between classroom transmission patterns of seasonal influenza among primary school students in Matsumoto city, Japan.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Model-based assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transmission dynamics within partially vaccinated K-12 school populations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2021Article
- School closures reduced social mixing of children during COVID-19 with implications for transmission risk and school reopening policies.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2021Article
- Reconstructing the household transmission of influenza in the suburbs of Tokyo based on clinical cases.Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2021Article
- Article
- Community use of face masks and similar barriers to prevent respiratory illness such as COVID-19: a rapid scoping review.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2020Article
- Face coverings for the public: Laying straw men to rest.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2020Article
- Why does Japan have so few cases of COVID-19?EMBO molecular medicine · 2020Article
- Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Measures of seasonal influenza control are generally divided into two categories: pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions. The effectiveness of these measures remains unclear, because of insufficient study sample size and/or differences in study settings. This observational epidemiological study involved all elementary schoolchildren in Matsumoto City, Japan, with seasonal influenza during the 2014/2015 season. Questionnaires, including experiences with influenza diagnosis and socio-demographic factors, were distributed to all 29 public elementary schools, involving 13,217 children, at the end of February 2015. Data were obtained from 10,524 children and analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The result showed that vaccination (odds ratio 0.866, 95% confidence interval 0.786-0.954) and wearing masks (0.859, 0.778-0.949) had significant protective association. Hand washing (1.447, 1.274-1.644) and gargling (1.319, 1.183-1.471), however, were not associated with protection. In the natural setting, hand washing and gargling showed a negative association, which may have been due to inappropriate infection control measures or aggregating infected and non-infected children to conduct those measures. These results may indicate a pathway for influenza transmission and explain why seasonal influenza control remains difficult in school settings. The overall effectiveness of vaccination and mask wearing was 9.9% and 8.6%, respectively. After dividing children into higher (grades 4-6) and lower (grade 1-3) grade groups, the effectiveness of vaccination became greater in the lower grade group, and the effectiveness of wearing masks became greater in the higher grade group. These results may provide valuable information about designing infection control measures that allocate resources among children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.