ArticleNature communications2016
Low-affinity CD4+ T cells are major responders in the primary immune response.
Article in Nature communications, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Duration of Initial Viremia Modulates Functional Properties of HIV-specific T Cell Receptors.Research square · 2026Article
- Mutant KRAS vaccine with dual checkpoint blockade in resected pancreatic cancer: a phase I trial.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Duration of Initial Viremia Modulates Functional Properties of HIV-specific T Cell Receptors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Development of αβ and γδ T Cells in the Thymus and Methods of Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Shp-1 regulates the activity of low-affinity T cells specific to endogenous self-antigen during melanoma tumor growth and drives resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- The T cell receptor sequence influences the likelihood of T cell memory formation.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive self-antigen screening to assess cross-reactivity in promiscuous T-cell receptors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- PD-1 and CD73 on naive CD4Nature immunology · 2025Article
- B Cells Influence Encephalitogenic T Cell Frequency to Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG)38-49 during Full-length MOG Protein-Induced Demyelinating Disease.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Interferon-γ couples CD8Nature communications · 2023Article
- What's the Catch? The Significance of Catch Bonds in T Cell Activation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Review
- CD4Nature immunology · 2023Review
- Antigen-specific depletion of CD4Science immunology · 2022Article
- Strong Basal/Tonic TCR Signals Are Associated with Negative Regulation of Naive CD4ImmunoHorizons · 2022Article
- T-Cell Receptor/HLA Humanized Mice Reveal Reduced Tolerance and Increased Immunogenicity of Posttranslationally Modified GAD65 Epitope.Diabetes · 2022Article
- Checkpoint blockade-induced CD8+ T cell differentiation in head and neck cancer responders.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition).European journal of immunology · 2021Review
- Position-Scanning Peptide Libraries as Particle Immunogens for Improving CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
- MHC class II tetramers engineered for enhanced binding to CD4 improve detection of antigen-specific T cells.Nature biotechnology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A robust primary immune response has been correlated with the precursor number of antigen-specific T cells, as identified using peptide MHCII tetramers. However, these tetramers identify only the highest-affinity T cells. Here we show the entire CD4+ T-cell repertoire, inclusive of low-affinity T cells missed by tetramers, using a T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling reporter and micropipette assay to quantify naive precursors and expanded populations. In vivo limiting dilution assays reveal hundreds more precursor T cells than previously thought, with higher-affinity tetramer-positive T cells, comprising only 5-30% of the total antigen-specific naive repertoire. Lower-affinity T cells maintain their predominance as the primary immune response progresses, with no enhancement of survival of T cells with high-affinity TCRs. These findings demonstrate that affinity for antigen does not control CD4+ T-cell entry into the primary immune response, as a diverse range in affinity is maintained from precursor through peak of T-cell expansion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.