ArticleScientific reports2016
A Critical, Nonlinear Threshold Dictates Bacterial Invasion and Initial Kinetics During Influenza.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- TNF superfamily member 14 drives post-influenza depletion of alveolar macrophages, enabling secondary pneumococcal pneumonia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Exploring the Interplay between COVID-19 and Gut Health: The Potential Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Immune Support.Viruses · 2024Review
- Mathematical Modeling of the Lethal Synergism of Coinfecting Pathogens in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Review.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Adjuvant effects of combination monophosphoryl lipid A and poly I:C on antigen-specific immune responses and protective efficacy of influenza vaccines.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Time-Dependent Increase in Susceptibility and Severity of Secondary Bacterial Infection during SARS-CoV-2 Infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- Review
- Increased virus dissemination leads to enhanced lung injury but not inflammation during influenza-associated secondary bacterial infection.FEMS microbes · 2022Article
- Time-Dependent Increase in Susceptibility and Severity of Secondary Bacterial Infections During SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions in lowering the viral inoculum to reduce susceptibility to infection by SARS-CoV-2 and potentially disease severity.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Microbial co-infections in COVID-19: Associated microbiota and underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis.Microbial pathogenesis · 2021Review
- Dynamic Pneumococcal Genetic Adaptations Support Bacterial Growth and Inflammation during Coinfection with Influenza.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Effect of Vitamin A Deficiency in Dysregulating Immune Responses to Influenza Virus and Increasing Mortality Rates After Bacterial Coinfections.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Altered Signal Transduction in the Immune Response to Influenza Virus andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Simulation of Scenarios of a Deep Population Crisis in a Rapidly Growing Population.Biophysics · 2021Article
- Structure and Hierarchy of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics Models Revealed by Reaction Network Analysis.Viruses · 2020Article
- Nuclear Receptors, Ligands and the Mammalian B Cell.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Topological data analysis to model the shape of immune responses during co-infections.Communications in nonlinear science & numerical simulation · 2020Article
- Leveraging Computational Modeling to Understand Infectious Diseases.Current pathobiology reports · 2020Review
- Principles Governing Establishment versus Collapse of HIV-1 Cellular Spread.Cell host & microbe · 2019Article
- Structure and Hierarchy of Influenza Virus Models Revealed by Reaction Network Analysis.Viruses · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections increase morbidity and mortality of influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Bacteria are able to invade due to virus-induced depletion of alveolar macrophages (AMs), but this is not the only contributing factor. By analyzing a kinetic model, we uncovered a nonlinear initial dose threshold that is dependent on the amount of virus-induced AM depletion. The threshold separates the growth and clearance phenotypes such that bacteria decline for dose-AM depletion combinations below the threshold, stay constant near the threshold, and increase above the threshold. In addition, the distance from the threshold correlates to the growth rate. Because AM depletion changes throughout an IAV infection, the dose requirement for bacterial invasion also changes accordingly. Using the threshold, we found that the dose requirement drops dramatically during the first 7d of IAV infection. We then validated these analytical predictions by infecting mice with doses below or above the predicted threshold over the course of IAV infection. These results identify the nonlinear way in which two independent factors work together to support successful post-influenza bacterial invasion. They provide insight into coinfection timing, the heterogeneity in outcome, the probability of acquiring a coinfection, and the use of new therapeutic strategies to combat viral-bacterial coinfections.
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