ArticleOncotarget2016
Midkine is a serum and urinary biomarker for the detection and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Rewiring immunity: Midkine's emerging role in cancer immune escape and drug resistance.iScience · 2026Review
- Midkine (MDK) as a central regulator of the tumor microenvironment: From developmental cytokine to therapeutic target.Cancer letters · 2026Review
- Cytochrome P450-derived Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid, the Regulation of Cardiovascular-related Diseases, and the Implication for Pulmonary Hypertension.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2025Review
- Midkine Expression as a Candidate Biomarker to Predict the Recurrence of Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Article
- Midkine (MDK) in cancer and drug resistance: from inflammation to therapy.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Ugonin P mitigates osteolytic bone metastasis by suppressing MDK via upregulating miR-223-3p expression.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Role of Midkine in Cancer Drug Resistance: Regulators of Its Expression and Its Molecular Targeting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The role of midkine in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Serum midkine as non-invasive biomarker for detection and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Urinary Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Urinary fluorescent metabolite O-aminohippuric acid is a useful biomarker for lung cancer detection.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2020Article
- Exploring potential biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma using LC-MS/MS metabolomics.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Article
- Midkine (MDK) growth factor: a key player in cancer progression and a promising therapeutic target.Oncogene · 2020Review
- Physiology of Midkine and Its Potential Pathophysiological Role in COVID-19.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Review
- Diagnostic impact of high serum midkine level in patients with gastric cancer.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2019Article
- Midkine Is a Potential Urinary Biomarker for Non-Invasive Detection of Bladder Cancer with Microscopic Hematuria.OncoTargets and therapy · 2019Article
- The expression of HOXA13 in lung adenocarcinoma and its clinical significance: A study based on The Cancer Genome Atlas, Oncomine and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- Prognostic value of Midkine expression in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Quantum Dot Based Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Circulating Cell Free miRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis: From Biology to Clinical Translation.Frontiers in genetics · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, has been identified as a promising cancer biomarker. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the serum and urine midkine levels have not been intensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of serum and urine midkine levels in patients with NSCLC. The serum midkine levels were measured in 153 patients with NSCLC, 23 patients with benign pulmonary disease and 95 healthy controls using ELISA. Urine midkine levels were examined in 20 controls and 45 patients with NSCLC. Midkine expression in tumor tissues from 72 patients with NSCLC who underwent definitive surgical resection without any pre-operative treatments was examined by immunohistochemistry. Serum levels were significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in healthy controls (657.36±496.58 pg/ml vs. 194.49±122.57 pg/ml, P<0.001). As shown in the ROC curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off serum midkine concentration of 400 pg/ml for predicting the presence of NSCLC were 71.2% and 88.1%, respectively. Positive correlations between the serum midkine levels and immunohistochemistry staining scores (r=0.315, P=0.007) and between the serum midkine levels and urine midkine levels (r=0.636, P<0.001) were observed using Spearman's bivariate correlations. The serum midkine concentration was identified as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis, and its overexpression yielded a relative risk of death of 2.072 (0.01.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.